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    ref material size size err size unit size type size_comment BET b nanozyme b 10n b unit specific act sa 10n sa unit comment
    7342 11 Fe–N-rGO nm TEM
    7349 23 Co3O4@Co-Fe oxide double-shelled nanocages (DSNCs) 1250 nm SEM 12.16
    7352 27 Cu-N-C SAzymes 1.1 nm AFM The thickness of Cu-N-C SAzyme is about 1.1nm.
    7354 31 FeS2 NPs 200 nm TEM
    7355 32 Au2Pt 42 3 nm TEM
    7360 40 MoS2/g-C3N4 HNs TEM and HRTEM the fringes are widely separated with the spacing of 0.323 nm are in agreement with the (002) plane of the g-C3N4 and the lattice spacing of 0.628 nm
    7365 48 Fe-NC nanozymes ∼1.8 nm AFM AFM measurement demonstrates that the thickness of ultrathin nanosheets is ∼1.8 nm 25 U/mg
    7368 54 Fe3C/N–C 4–5 nm TEM
    7371 61 Fe3O4-TiO2/rGO (FTG) 9 0.2 nm TEM Fe3O4 and TiO2
    7373 64 NCNTs@MoS2 40 nm TEM nanotubes are uniform with a shell thickness of about 40nm 22.605
    7376 68 Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2-Au@PdNPs ＜10 nm XRD The absorption spectrum of the AuNPs in Figure 1a-ii showed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at 514 nm, and this is characteristic of small spherical nanoparticles with size less than 10 nm
    7378 73 VOxNDs 3.36 0.23 nm TEM lateral size
    7379 73 VOxNDs 3.16 0.3 nm TEM the thicknesses
    7384 78 AuNP 38 nm TEM average diameter
    7386 82 PNCNzyme 100 10 nm TEM uniform size of approximately 100 ± 10 nm in diameterwith hollow and porous structure
    7387 84 Co-V MMO nanowires 33.63
    7394 91 Au@AgPt 300 30 nm SEM Fig. 2a shows the SEM image of the as-synthesized Au NPs. The Au NPs exhibit hexoctahedral profiles with edge length of 90± 5 nm and diameter of 300±30 nm
    7397 94 Cu2+-catecholamines incorporated nanoflowers
    7398 95 Co3O4 210 nm TEM The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the as-prepared Co3O4 MNE are shown in Figure 1A, which has a flower-like shape with an average size of ≈210 nm.
    7399 96 AuNCs 1.77 nm TEM The TEM image showed that the obtained AuNCs-Apt was pseudo spherical particles with the average size of 1.86 nm (Fig. 1B and D), which was a little larger than that of bare AuNCs (1.77 nm) (Fig. 1A and C).
    7400 97 Prussian Blue 49 nm Others Prussian Blue nanoparticles with Ø =49nm were used
    7401 98 Tb-OBBA-Hemin 200-1500 nm SEM As shown in Figure 1a, the as-prepared Tb-OBBA-Hemin has spherical particles with a size of 200 nm to 1.5 μm 21.38
    7405 106 IMSN-PEG-TI 100 nm TEM The typical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated the as-prepared IMSN exhibited a uniform spherical morphology with an average diameter of about100 nm, and the surface of IMSN became rough (Figure 1b,c).
    7406 108 HP-MIL-88B-BA 
    7407 109 IrOx ~24.05 nm TEM The as-prepared nanoparticles show a spherica morphology with diameter of ~24.05±0.29 nm (Figure 1b)
    7409 111 F-BS NCs nm TEM BSA-capped Fe3O4@Bi2S3nanocatalysts (F-BSP NCs) dispersed well and stably in the DMEM medium (Figure S6) with an average hydrodynamic size of around 342 nm but with 396 nm in both water and PBS (Figure S7B).
    7418 121 CeO2/C nanowires 3-6 μm SEM the CeO2 NPs with mean size of about 6.83 nm are dispersed in the CeO2/C nanowire frameworks
    7425 128 BNS-CDs 2.2 nm TEM
    7426 129 CoFe-LDH/CeO2 CeO2 NTs were composed of numerous nanoparticles with grain size of 10-30 nm. 35.7 m2/g
    7429 137 Zr-MOF 60 nm SEM As demonstrated by Fig. 1C, the synthesized Zr-MOF presents a uniform spherical morphology, and the diameter is ∼60 nm. 217.5
    7431 139 AuNFs/Fe3O4@ZIF-8-MoS2
    7433 141 CDAu
    7435 144 Au21Pd79 1-2 μm TEM
    7438 148 AgNP@CD 30 nm AFM
    7440 150 Co3O4@β-CD NPs 10 nm TEM The morphology of Co3O4@β-CD NPs showed well dispersed nanoparticles in the size of 10 nm.
    7445 156 Au@NH2-MIL-125(Ti) 300 nm SEM thickness
    7446 156 Au@NH2-MIL-125(Ti) 500 nm SEM diameter
    7444 156 Au@NH2-MIL-125(Ti) <5 nm TEM
    7448 157 Bi2S3@DMSN 110.6 18.6 nm TEM length
    7449 157 Bi2S3@DMSN 65.6 9.2 nm TEM width 201.32
    7447 157 PEG/Ce-Bi@DMSN 3-4 nm TEM The TEM image of the CeO2 nanozymes presented in Figure 1d, shows that the CeO2 nanozymes were 3–4 nm in diameter and were suitable for loading into the large-pore channels of Bi2S3@ DMSN nanoparticles
    7452 159 Au@Pt 50 nm TEM A typical TEM image (Fig. 3) showed that the Au@Pt nanozymes were relatively uniform in size and similar in structure, and the diameter of the nanoparticles was approximately 50 nm. As a uniform porous structure, Pt NPs formed a branched structure on the surface ofAu. The particle size ofthe Au corewas approximately 30e35 nm, and the average diameter of the Pt NPs was approximately 5e10 nm.
    7456 164 PBNPs in TiNM SEM the TiNM was composed of parallel nanochannels, and these nanochannels have conical shape with an average diameter of a large base entrance of -200 nm and small tip entrance of -50 nm
    7457 165 VONP-LPs 25 1.5 nm TEM the particle size distribution of V2O5 NPs in the range of 15–40 nm with average lateral size of 25 � 1.5 nm.
    7458 166 CB-CQDs 1.5-3.6 nm TEM They exhibit a size range of 1.5–3.6 nm with an average diameter of about 2.4 nm, fitting well to the Gaussian function
    7459 167 UsAuNPs/MOFs 150 nm TEM The UsAuNPs/MOFs present uniform dispersion with an average size of around 150 nm (Figure S11, Supporting Information).
    7460 168 MIL-101(Fe) 500 nm SEM SEM images showed that MIL-101(Fe) had the well-defined octahedral morphology with an average diagonal length of approximately 500 nm 2702.9
    7463 172 Fe3O4@PDA@BSA-Bi2S3 120, 125, and 123 nm DLS The DLS size of Fe3O4@PDA@BSA-Bi2S3 NPs were indicated as 120, 125, and 123 nm, respectively, and showed no detectable fluctuation during the 5 days storage
    7465 174 IrRu-GOx@PEG NPs 43 nm TEM Therefore, we synthesized IrRu NPs with different ratio of Ir and Ru elements to obtain better enzyme-like catalytic activity. the TEM image showed Ir2Ru1 NPs, Ir4Ru1 NPs, and Ir8Ru1 NPs are uniformly dispersed black particles with an average particle size of ~2 nm (Fig. 1A and B) and ~3 nm (Figs. S1A and B), ~4 nm.As shown in TEM images, the IrRuGOx@PEG NPs obtained by PEG-coated IrRu NPs were spherical and the average particle size was ~43 nm
    7466 175 Fe3O4/CoFe-LDH 320-350 nm TEM As displayed in Fig. 2a and b, Fe3O4 were well-separated lycheelike spherical structure with mean grain size of about 300 nm. Fig. 2c-e clearly show the core-shell structure where Fe3O4 microspheres were encapsulated in CoFe-LDH nanosheets. Since there were no obvious boundaries between the core and shell, we approximately estimated that the particle sizes of Fe3O4/CoFe-LDH were in the range of 320-350 nm 44.5
    7467 176 N-doped MoS2
    7468 178 Au 1 Pd 5 1.4 nm TEM TEM was performed to investigate the size distribution of monometallic and bimetallic NCs. As shown in Fig. 2a and b, NADH-reduced Pd NCs with 24 h-incubation exhibit the mean size of 1.1 nm, while Au NPs show the average diameter of 8.1 nm. Remarkably, both Au1Pd5 and Au1Pd1 exist as highly dispersed NCs, showing the average size of 1.4 and 1.6 nm respectively (Fig. 2c and d). The mean size increases in the order of Pd < Au1Pd5 < Au1Pd1 < Au, which is consistent with the relative content of Au species. Hence, it is reasonable that NADH facilitates the rapid formation of ultrasmall NCs within a suitable range of [Na2PdCl4]/[HAuCl4]. Further, the atomic ratio in bimetallic NCs was determined by ICP-OES. The molar ratio of [Au]/[Pd] is 1.3 for Au1Pd1 and 0.25 for Au1Pd5, which is close to the corresponding theoretical ratio of two precursors in synthesis process.
    7469 179 PMOF（Fe） 300 nm SEM The low-magnification SEM images revealed that PMOF(Fe) was of uniform ellipsoidal shape with an average diameter of 300 nm (Figure 1A). TEM images in Figure 1B further show the morphology and size of PMOF(Fe), which was consistent with the result of SEM. After modifying the Pt NPs on the surface of PMOF(Fe), Pt@PMOF(Fe) kept the morphology of PMOF(Fe) (Figure 1C) and with a lot of Pt NPs. The size of Pt NPs is around 2 nm (Figure 1D, inset). These Pt NPs were modified on the surface of PMOF(Fe) uniformly.
    7470 181 hemin@CD 2.3 nm TEM High-resolution TEM image shows the lattice fringe of 0.21 nm corresponding to the (100) facet (inset of Fig. 1a) [27]. After hemin was modified on CDs, the average size of hemin@CDs is 2.3 nm (Fig. 1b), which suggests there have been no significant change in the average size of CDs after hemin molecule decoration.
    7475 186 mGPB ~182 nm TEM After loading, the hydrodynamic size of the nanoparticles (162.2 nm) increased to ∼182.0 nm
    7476 189 CC-PdNPs 2.4-2.7 nm TEM To determine a reliable size distribution, we carried out a statistical analysis by Gaussian fitting of 50 random nanoparticles according to TEM results and found that the diameters of PdNPs are mainly distributed in the 2.4–2.7 nm range with an average size of 2.68 nm
    7480 195 CDs@Cu4O3
    7481 198 CuS 180 nm SEM the morphology of CuS is hexahedrons with the size range of 118–238 nm and with an average size of 180 nm (Fig. S1)
    7486 200 GeO2 showed besom-like morphology with uniform size (width of ≈100 nm and length of ≈1 µm). the “head of besom” was composed of long strip with width of ≈10 nm (Figure 1c,d).
    7488 202 Pt/EMT The EMT zeolite synthesized under mild conditions comprises a great number of uniform nanocrystals with slightly different morphology and average particle size of 15–20 nm (Fig. 2A and S2), in agreement with the result calculated by Scherrer Equation. Moreover, some highly-dispersed Pt NPs in size of 5–8 nm are confined within the zeolite (Fig. 2D) 457
    7489 203 Au nanoparticles (NPs) modified by cyclodextrin (Au@CD) 20 nm As shown in Figure 2A, the Au@CD NPs showed good dispersity with a diameter around 20 nm.
    7493 209 BSA-RuO2NPs 7 nm TEM As can be seen in Figure 1C, size distribution analysis of 100 random BSA-RuO2NPs by Gaussian fitting, the particle size has been calculated to be ∼7 nm. 710 U/g
    7497 215 hydrogel 50-70 nm As shown in Fig. 1(a), the hydrogel appeared to be a network nanofiber with diameters of 50–70 nm. 2.318
    7499 217 IrO2 1.7 0.3 nm DLS The average size of IrO2 nanoparticles was 1.7 ± 0.3 nm by counting more than 200 nanoparticles. The monodisperse IrO2 nanoparticles on GO indicated that GO had effectively inhibited the aggregation of IrO2 nanoparticles. There were no unsupported IrO2 nanoparticles observed, which indicated that the GO was an excellent support.
    7500 221 VB2-IONzymes <200 nm SEM The naked IONzymes showed a spherical shape with a diameter of about 200 nm. VB2-IONzymes became smaller and developed a rough surfaceupon modification with a high amount of VB2.
    7503 223 laccase@MMOFs <100 nm SEM The laccase@MMOFs found spherical in nature with an average particle size below 100 nm 343.27
    7506 227 Fe SSN 578
    7509 231 HKUST-1 85 nm TEM And the obtained HKUST-1 with blue color shows a regular sphere morphology with the average particle size of ∼85 nm in TEM imaging (Figure 1a) and a larger value of 140 nm in the DLS dispersed in water (Figure 1b).
    7510 232 AuPtRu 200 nm TEM Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging was performed to confirm the successful synthesis of AuPd, AuPt, and AuPtRu. As shown in Fig. 1a–c, AuPd, AuPt, and AuPtRu with the average sizes of 5, 4, and 200 nm were obtained, respectively.
    7511 234 CdCo2O4 72 The pore size analysis for adsorption data, based on the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) theories, clearly indicates that the fabricated nanosheets possess pores with an average diameter of 20 nm
    7512 235 GOx&PVI-Hemin@ZIF-8 270 nm TEM The TEM image in Figure 1d displays a typical GOx&PVI-hemin@ZIF-8 particle with a diameter of ca. 270 nm. Compared to pure ZIF-8, the GOx&PVI-hemin@ ZIF-8 composite shows an obvious decrement of the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller surface areas, attributed to the encapsulation of nonporous GOx&PVI-hemin.
    7520 264 CeO2 microspheres 5.2 μm
    7522 266 FeBNC 15 0 U/mg
    7523 266 FeNC 4.09 0 U/mg
    7524 266 FeNC 4 0 U/mg
    7521 266 FeBNC 15.41 0 U/mg
    7528 269 CMS NPs 28 nm TEM average size
    7527 269 CMS NPs 12 nm AFM thickness
    7529 271 Co3O4 nanoflowers 360 20 nm TEM
    7532 277 HIONCs 327 80 nm DLS
    7534 282 PVP-CuNCs 2.72 nm TEM μmol/min U/mg
    7533 282 Fe-SAs/NC 90 nm TEM average size μmol/min U/mg
    7536 289 WS2 50-300 nm TEM As shown in Fig. 1a, the WS2 nanosheets exhibit wrinkled sheets due to partial overlap and folding, and the diameter range of layer is determined as 50-300 nm.
    7539 292 RuTeNRs TEM According to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, hollow nanorods with lengths of 130 ± 13 nm and widths of 14 ± 2 nm (n = 30) were synthesized with a relatively monodisperse distribution (Figure 2a; left)
    7541 296 CeM XRD The crystallite size of CeM was found ~3.1 nm. The length of cotiledones shaped CeM was observed ~ 10 μm, average diameter was ~ 2.5 μm and the average thickness of particles was 350 nm.
    7546 301 His-GQD/hemin 13-80 nm Others His-GQDs, synthesized according to our previously reported procedure [22], have an average lateral size of ~ 3 nm and a height of ~ 2 nm (Fig. 1(a) and Fig. S1 in the Electronic Supplementary Material (ESM))
    7547 302 MoS2-MIL-101(Fe) SEM MoS2 exhibits a flower-like appearance with a uniform diameter of approximately 150 nm, and MIL-101(Fe) exhibits an octahedral struc 340 m2 ·g−1
    7556 313 Fe-Loaded MOF-545(Fe) 3.7 nm SEM The SEM results showed that the crystal (Fe-loaded MOF-545(Fe)) exhibited a rod-like morphology in size (3.7 nm) with hexagonal edge, which was the same as the published results 2368
    7558 316 Fe-MIL-88B 270 nm TEM MIL-88 with an average diameter of 270 nm was synthesized by the hydrothermal method 13.40 m2 ·g−1.
    7559 317 2D MnO2 nanoflakes 300*5 nm TEM The lateral dimension and thickness of 2D MnO2 nanoflakes were calculated to be 300 nm and 5 nm, respec
    7561 320 Ag-BNNs 7 nm SEM
    7562 320 Au-BNNs 4 nm SEM The size of AuNPs and AgNPs dispersed on BNNs was approximately 4 nm and 7 nm.
    7564 322 PDI-CeCoO3 35 nm TEM As can be seen from Fig. 2A, the size of irregular nanoparticles is from around 11 to 62 nm with average diameter of 35 nm
    7565 324 Cu NCs 2.5 nm TEM The as-prepared Cu NCs were approximately 2.5 nm in diameter
    7567 326 SiO2@MPGs 10 nm TEM
    7568 327 Co4S3/Co3O4 nanotubes ~166.7 nm TEM Diameter
    7569 328 Pc(OH)8/CoSn(OH)6 150-210 nm TEM
    7572 331 Fe-MOFs 185 nm TEM length
    7571 331 Fe-MOFs 100 nm TEM Diameter
    7573 334 Au/MOFs(Fe, Mn)/CNTs 145.22
    7574 336 AuNPs ~13-20 nm Others
    7576 337 N-QG 6 nm TEM thickness
    7575 337 N-QG 80 nm SEM size
    7594 356 MoS2/rGO VHS 100 nm SEM MoS2 nanosheets with an average diameter of 100 nm are vertically decorated on rGO sheets.the thickness of the nanosheet is about 10 nm
    7595 357 PtNFs 51.1 3.1 nm TEM the nanoparticles display a uniform hydrangea-like shape with a size of about 51.1 ± 3.1 nm.
    7596 358 50Co/CuS-MMT 100 nm It can be found that the porous hollow spheres of 50Co/CuS-MMT with ca. 100 nm are composed of even smaller nanoparticles with the size of ca. 2 nm.
    7601 362 Aptamer-gold nanozyme 21 nm DLS the average diameter of AuNPs to be ~10 nm .The absorption maxima of AuNPs after conjugation shifted from 521 nm to 530 nm (Fig. 2A) and particle size increases from 10 nm to 21 nm was observed (Fig. 2B and C).
    7603 363 SNC 16-20 nm TEM Typical TEM images of the as-prepared SNC nanozymes are shown in Figure 1b, c, where spherical pores with a mean diameter of 16–20 nm formed by the silica nanosphere filler are clearly shown. 524.1 18 U/mg
    7602 363 SNC 16-20 nm TEM Typical TEM images of the as-prepared SNC nanozymes are shown in Figure 1b, c, where spherical pores with a mean diameter of 16–20 nm formed by the silica nanosphere filler are clearly shown. 524.1 17.5 U/mg
    7604 364 Fe, N-CDs 4–6 nm TEM
    7605 366 Pd−Ir core-shell nanoparticles 3.3–13.0 nm TEM Pd−Ir nanoparticles with four different sizes (3.3, 5.9, 9.8 and 13.0 nm), but identical shapes and surface structures, were designed and synthesized. atalytic activity of individual Pd−Ir NPs increases as particle size increases. Area-specific catalytic activity is similar for Pd−Ir NPs of 3.3–9.8 nm, but is slightly decreased when particle size reached to 13.0 nm.
    7606 367 Porous regular hexagonal-shaped FeS2 nanosheets (NSs) 1 μm SEM SEM and TEM images of the FeS2 NSs (Fig. s2A and B) revealed that regular hexagonal-shaped nanosheets (2D) were synthesized with a side length of about 1 μm.
    7607 370 Cu3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O 50 to 120 nm SEM While the width of these ribbons ranged from 50 to 120 nm, they were tens of micrometers in length.
    7609 372 Cu2（OH）3NO3 nanosheets 1 μm SEM The structure and morphology of the as-prepared Rouaite were characterized by SEM and TEM (Fig. 2). The acquired SEM image shows the sheet-like structure of the average diameter of 1 μm (Fig. 2a). 104.3 m2/g
    7612 376 ND nanozymes 112.31 24.07 nm TEM Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images of as-prepared ND nanozymes clearly revealed a uniform spherical morphology with an average diameter of 112.31 ± 24.07 nm (Figures 1B, 1C, and 1E).
    7614 378 Ce2(MoO4)3/rGO ~500 nm HR-TEM Fig. 5d shows the HR-TEM images of rGO/CM (48 h) nanocomposites where large size (∼500 nm) polyhedrons are attached with rGO sheet.
    7615 381 PdCu TPs/PG 25 nm TEM As shown in Fig. 2A, the PdCu TPs are tripod-shaped with an arm length of approximately 25 nm.
    7617 383 AuNPs@Ag 24.4 nm DLS The hydrodynamic size of AuNPs were found 13.66 ± 3.66 nm with polydispersity index of 0.273 which increased to 24.4 nm after the Ag deposition, measured by DLS
    7620 385 Au@Pt nanoparticles 20-2000 nm TEM The size of the synthesized GNPs according to TEM was 20.0 ± 2.6 nm (n = 100, Fig. 2a). 4 U/mg
    7621 385 Au@Pt nanoparticles 20 2.6 nm TEM The size of the synthesized GNPs according to TEM was 20.0 ± 2.6 nm (n = 100, Fig. 2a). 4 U/mg
    7622 385 Au@Pt nanoparticles 20 2.6 nm TEM The size of the synthesized GNPs according to TEM was 20.0 ± 2.6 nm (n = 100, Fig. 2a). 4.4 U/mg These changes led to a 70-fold increase in peroxidase-mimicking activity in the solution (specific activity 0.06–4.4 U mg−1) and a 30-fold decrease in LOD using the catalytic activity of Au@Pt.
    7623 385 Au@Pt nanoparticles 20-2000 nm TEM The size of the synthesized GNPs according to TEM was 20.0 ± 2.6 nm (n = 100, Fig. 2a). 4.4 U/mg These changes led to a 70-fold increase in peroxidase-mimicking activity in the solution (specific activity 0.06–4.4 U mg−1) and a 30-fold decrease in LOD using the catalytic activity of Au@Pt.
    7625 387 Ag@Ag2WO4 NRs nm SEM The Ag@Ag2WO4 revealed rod-shaped particles with cubic and hexagonal silver nanoparticle distribution
    7633 394 Fe3O4@Cu/C nm TEM However, calcination at a higher temperature and a long time caused serious collapse of the structure, leading to the disappearance of original morphology. It can be found that Fe3O4@CuO composites fail to inherit the original octahedral structure and present nearly spherical (Fig. 3a, c). From TEM image (Fig. 3e, f), the constructions of Fe3O4@HKUST-1 composites are shrunk in certain degree and the sizes are reduced, whether the composites were calcined in N2 or air atmosphere. 112.1
    7632 394 Fe3O4@CuO nm TEM However, calcination at a higher temperature and a long time caused serious collapse of the structure, leading to the disappearance of original morphology. It can be found that Fe3O4@CuO composites fail to inherit the original octahedral structure and present nearly spherical (Fig. 3a, c). From TEM image (Fig. 3e, f), the constructions of Fe3O4@HKUST-1 composites are shrunk in certain degree and the sizes are reduced, whether the composites were calcined in N2 or air atmosphere. 45.8
    7636 398 FePPOPBFPB 150 nm SEM The SEM image (Figure 1C) shows that FePPOPBFPB contains relatively uniform globular particles with an average size of 150 nm. 308
    7649 415 BSA-PtAu@CNS 100-200 nm TEM 921.336
    7650 417 Fe3O4@MoS2-Ag 428.9 nm Others The Fe3O4@MoS2-Ag composites were observed with MoS2 covering Fe3O4 (diameter of ~428.9 nm) by SEM and TEM images 17.446 The BET surface area was calculated to be 7.746, 13.464, 16.607 and 17.446 m2/g for MoS2, Fe3O4, Fe3O4@MoS2 and Fe3O4@MoS2-1%Ag, respectively, showing the superiority of MoS2 sheets vertically growing on Fe3O4.
    7651 419 Hollow MnFeO oxide 241.291
    7652 420 ZnCo2O4
    7653 421 Por-NiCo2S4 570 nm SEM As seen from SEM images (Fig. 3a-3c), the morphologies of both NiCo2S4 and Por-NiCo2S4 are yolk-shell nanospheres with a uniform size of ca. 570 nm 18.3031
    7654 422 BSA-PtNP@MnCo2O4 71.922
    7692 457 CuS-BSA-Cu3(PO4)2 10 0.21 nm DLS TEM investigation of both CuS-BSA-Cu3(PO4)2 (Fig. 2) and CuS-BSA (Fig. S8) nanoparticles revealed that the nanomaterials consist of nanoparticles with an average diameter of 10 ± 0.21 nm and 9.68 ± 0.602 nm, respectively (the size was determined from 100 NPs using Image J software).
    7691 457 CuS-BSA-Cu3(PO4)2 121.8 34.5 nm DLS the average diameters of CuS-BSA and CuS-BSA-Cu3(PO4)2 are 134.5 ± 29.4 nm and 121.8 ± 34.5 nm
    7693 459 Ag-MA 2.5 μm TEM One can note from Fig. 1A that the original products of Ag-MA nanocomposites could exhibit uniform rod-like profile with the side width of about 2.5 μm, with the mesoporous structure as revealed in the amplified view (insert), which could also be witnessed clearly from the TEM images (Fig. 1C).
    7695 461 PdCuAu NPs 13 nm TEM Their particles are distributed between 10 and 25 nm, with an average particle size of 13 nm (see Figures 2a,b).
    7697 463 ZV-Mn NPs <50 nm TEM High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images indicated that the particle size of ZV-Mn NPs was less than 50 nm 6.0568
    7698 464 FePorMOFs 150 nm SEM The SEM image showed the as prepared FePorMOFs were uniform in a rod-like structure with a 600 nm length and 150 nm width (Figure 3B).
    7700 466 4-AHA@AuNPs nanoparticles 5.9 1.7 nm TEM The produced nanoparticles were quasi-spherical in shape with average particle size of about 5.9 ± 1.7 nm [Fig. 2b].
    7701 468 Ag2-xCuxS NPs 3,1 nm TEM The average size of the Ag1.8Cu0.2S NPs calculated from corresponding TEM image is ∼3.1 nm (Fig. 1c).
    7702 469 V2O5 nanobelts 300 nm TEM As shown in Figure 1A,B, the high-magnification SEM image confirmed the fabrication of smooth and straight nanobelts with widths of 200–400 nm. The TEM image in Figure 1C image shows nanobelts with a mean size of ca. 300 nm in width.
    7703 470 Tα-MOF 65 nm TEM These results are consistent with the data obtained from TEM image. Homogeneous size distribution and an average size of 65 nm observed in Fig. 2b.
    7704 471 Co2V2O7 particles 250 nm TEM As shown in Figure 1a,b, the prepared Co2V2O7 particles mostly possessed a cubic granular shape with an identical aspect ratios of nearly 1.5:1, with widths of about 250 nm.
    7708 478 DNA/MoS2 NSs 75 nm TEM The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image showed that the MoS2 possessed a two-dimensional nanosheet structure with an average diameter of about 75 nm
    7709 483 DMSN@AuPtCo 80 nm TEM The average particle diameter and central-radial pore size of DMSNs were around 80 nm and 11.5 nm respectively, which were found from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, and nitrogen adsorption measurements.AuPtCo clusters having a diameter of around 2.2 nm were formed by in situ reduction and attached to the pore surfaces, as clearly shown by SEM , TEM , elemental mapping images , powder X-ray diffraction analysis and diameter distribution analysis.
    7710 484 Co3O4/MO3 19.1, 25.3 nm TEM The average pore sizes of Co3O4, Co3O4/MoO3 and Co3O4/WO3 were 12.7, 19.1 and 25.3 nm, respectively.
    7712 485 CeO2 NCs 197 13.4 nm TEM The log-normal function to length histogram reveals mean lengths (x) of 197 ± 13.4 and 214.85 ± 6.4 nm from the TEM and FE-SEM images, respectively.
    7711 485 CeO2 NCs 214.85 6.4 nm Others The log-normal function to length histogram reveals mean lengths (x) of 197 ± 13.4 and 214.85 ± 6.4 nm from the TEM and FE-SEM images, respectively.
    7720 494 nanozyme 20 nm TEM The synthesized AuNPs were investigated by TEM. It is apparent that the AuNPs are monodisperse, spherical in shape, and a narrow particle-size distribution with a mean size of about 20 nm.
    7723 497 CuS NPs 6 nm DLS Based on statistical analysis (Fig. S2†), the average size of the CuS NPs was ca. 6 nm in diameter.
    7726 499 Fe3O4@heparin 0 U/mg
    7727 499 Fe@Fe3O4@heparin 13.9 1.7 nm TEM water-soluble Fe@Fe3O4 NPs were modified with heparin through the ligand exchange method to form Fe@Fe3O4@heparin NPs (MNPs). 0 U/mg
    7728 499 Fe3O4@heparin 0.044 U/mg
    7725 499 Fe@Fe3O4@heparin 13.9 1.7 nm TEM water-soluble Fe@Fe3O4 NPs were modified with heparin through the ligand exchange method to form Fe@Fe3O4@heparin NPs (MNPs). 0.456 U/mg
    7729 500 CNF/FeCDs 4 0.9 nm DLS The corresponding size-distribution analysis (Fig. 1b) unveiled their narrow size distribution in the range of 2–7 nm with a mean diameter of 4.0 ± 0.9 nm, which confirmed that it was a good candidate for doping additive.
    7732 502 M/CeO2 261 0.2 nm TEM The nanorods in dispersions show an average length of 261.0 ± 0.2 nm and average diameter of 14.2 ± 0.5 nm
    7735 506 Fe–N4 pero-nanozysome 120 nm TEM the pero-nanozysome had a spherical morphology with hollow structure, and the average diameter was about 120 nm with a shell about 4–6nm thickness 41.7 ± 7.9 U/mg CAT
    7736 506 Fe–N4 pero-nanozysome 120 nm TEM the pero-nanozysome had a spherical morphology with hollow structure, and the average diameter was about 120 nm with a shell about 4–6nm thickness U/mg
    7737 506 Fe–N4 pero-nanozysome 120 nm TEM the pero-nanozysome had a spherical morphology with hollow structure, and the average diameter was about 120 nm with a shell about 4–6nm thickness 1257.1 ±122.8 U/mg SOD
    7738 506 Fe–N4 pero-nanozysome 120 nm TEM the pero-nanozysome had a spherical morphology with hollow structure, and the average diameter was about 120 nm with a shell about 4–6nm thickness 6.0 ±0.9 U/mg POD
    7739 506 Fe–N4 pero-nanozysome 120 nm TEM the pero-nanozysome had a spherical morphology with hollow structure, and the average diameter was about 120 nm with a shell about 4–6nm thickness 0.027 ±0.002 U/mg UOD
    7741 509 AuNPs@C.CNF 12 3 nm DLS The synthesis process was further monitored by changing the MW irradiation time (5–35 s) at a fixed concentration of C.CNF (1.0 %)，12 ± 3 nm (1.0 % C.CNF）
    7743 512 NiCo2O4-Au composite TEM As depicted in Fig. 1A and B, NiCo2O4-Au composite had a rough surface with a wide size distribution, similar to single NiCo2O4 (Sup-porting Information, Fig. S1)
    7745 515 aptamers@BSA-AuNCs 1.77 0.51 nm TEM The average diameters of BSA-AuNCs and aptamers@BSA-AuNCs are 1.79 ± 0.52 nm and 1.77 ± 0.51 nm, respectively (Figs. S2B and S2D).
    7748 518 Hep-Pt NCs 1.5-2.1 nm TEM As the molar ratio of [K2PtCl4]/[Hep] increases from 0.2 to 3, the mean size of gradually grows from 1.5 to 2.1 nm.
    7755 525 Gold and magnetic particles (GoldMag)
    7759 529 man-PB 0.2-0.22 μm DLS (b) Particle size distributionof theman-PB nanoparticles.
    7760 530 HCS@Pt NPs 3.96 nm nm TEM The surface area of HCS@Pt NPs was about 227.5 m2 /g and the pore size were about 3.96 nm (Table S1). 227.5 m2 /g
    7761 531 Zn-N-C-800 150 nm TEM The synthesis yielded characteristic truncated rhombic dodecahedral crystals of size ~150 nm (Fig. 1). 158m2 /g
    7763 533 Ag-CoO NP 400 nm TEM it can be found the flower-like 0.10Ag-CoO NPs are composed of a dense core with a uniform size of about 400 nm 156.8 cm2 g−1
    7765 535 Fe-Nx SANs 50 nm TEM In Scheme 1, the well-defined Fe-Nx SANs had a typical nanotube structure with a diameter of around 50 nm. Moreover, distorted graphite layers were found in Fe-Nx SANs (Figure 1(a)) by high-resolution TEM (HRTEM). 648.16 m2/g 65 U/mg
    7766 536 Cu/Au/Pt TNs 20 nm TEM&SEM
    7767 537 MoS2/C-Au600 ~93 nm TEM
    7769 539 GA-NFs 9 μm TEM
    7770 540 Fe3O4@CP 168 nm TEM
    7772 544 CuCo2S4 NPs 30 nm TEM 39.6
    7773 544 CuCo2S4 NPs 68 nm DLS
    7774 545 NSP-CQDs 2-6 nm TEM
    7775 546 NH2-MIL-101(Fe) 12
    7776 546 MIL-101(Fe) 600-800 nm TEM 5
    7777 546 NO2-MIL-101(Fe) 36
    7779 548 CeO2 7.8 0.2 nm TEM
    7781 550 magnetite particles
    7782 552 MnO2 nanoparticles 64-174 nm DLS the size of MnO2 nanozymes are not estimable from the SEM image, hence the DLS analysis was performed (Fig. S2C). The results indicated that the as-prepared nanozymes had a size distribution over the range of 64–174 nm, with an average size of 109 ± 28 nm.
    7783 553 CoMoO4 nanobelts 50 μm SEM It can be seen in Fig. 1b that CoMoO4 BLs displayed belt-like structures with about 50 μm in length and 2 μm in width, which were prepared using (NH4)6Mo7O4·4H2O as “molybdenum” source.
    7784 554 Pd@Au nanostructures 42 nm TEM Theβ-CD-Pd@Au was monodispersed with an average diameter of 42 nm.
    7787 557 Magnetic Nanoflowers 23 μm SEM magnetic nanoflower with an average diameter of 23 μm was chosen for characterization and application experiments
    7788 558 Fe3O4@NH2-MIL-101(Fe) SEM The size and lantern morphology of NH2-MIL-101(Fe) in the composites were not changed, as showed in Fig. S1C, D.
    7789 559 Ni/Al–Fe(CN)6 LDH 30 nm SEM The morphology of the Ni/Al–Fe(CN)6 LDH was investigated using FESEM. As can be observed in Fig. 1C, LDH displays aggregate consists of crystallites as uniform spherical shaped particles with particle size of about 30 nm.
    7790 560 Mesoporous Pd@Pt 50 nm TEM Fig. 5. TEM image of mesoporous Pd@Pt NPs which are on a size order of 50 nm.
    7791 561 urchin-like Pt nanozymes 40 nm TEM Figure 2A shows well synthesized Pt seeds with a diameter of ~5 nm. uPtNZs exhibited fairly uniform dispersion with a mean diameter of ~40 nm in TEM images (Fig. 2B)
    7792 563 ficin@PCN-333(Fe) 4.03 0.31 μm SEM SEM images of PCN-333(Fe) (Fig. 1A) and ficin@PCN-333(Fe) (Fig. 1B) show that they are all regular octahedral structures with edge length of 3.25 ± 0.31 μm and 4.03 ± 0.31 μm, respectively 1434.3
    7793 565 Au–Ag@HA NPs 104 6.2 nm DLS The hydrodynamic diameter of Au−Ag NPs increased from 60.8 ± 2.0 nm to 104.0 ± 6.2 nm
    7794 566 Cerium Oxide NSs nm TEM
    7795 567 Co3O4 NCs 50 TEM, SEM As shown in Fig. 2a and b, the products are uniform nanocube with size of about 50 nm and the surface of the nanocube is smooth
    7796 568 Cu2O nanocubes 100 TEM, SEM SEM image in Fig. 3a and TEM image in Fig. 3b clearly show that the Cu2O has a uniform cube structure, and the size is ca. 100 nm
    7798 570 DNA-Cu/Ag NCs 2.3 0.8 nm TEM The corresponding particle size distribution histogram is obtained by statistics, and the average particle size is approximately 2.3 ± 0.8 nm (Figure 2b)
    7799 571 N/Cl-CDs 4.1 1.09 nm TEM The TEM image exhibits that N/Cl-CDs were distinctive round shape along with uniform size. Most of the particles are in the size range of 3–4 nm with an average diameter of 4.1±1.09 nm (Fig. S1 (A) inset).
    7800 572 CFPN 300-400 nm SEM From the SEM image (Figure 1a), it was found that the as-prepared CFPN had a flower-like morphology and hollow sphere structure, and its diameter was between 300 nm to 400 nm.
    7801 573 AgNPs@Fe3O4 nm SEM The SEM images revealed that the synthesized magnetic nanoparticles and the silver-magnetic nanocomposites are spherical in shape with very narrow particles size distribution.
    7802 574 Pt-HMCNs 255 nm SEM After high-temperature carbonization combined with NaOH etching, the obtained HMCNs well preserved the spherical morphology with a slight shrinkage to about 255 nm in particle size (Figures 2c and S1b), 373
    7804 576 EMSN-PtNCs 3 nm TEM High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images revealed that the synthesized PtNCs were mostly 3.0 nm in size with spherical morphology (Fig. S2A)
    7806 578 Co4S3 250 nm TEM, SEM As shown in Fig. S2, the needle-like precursor with diameter of ca. 250 nm looks like a symmetrical broom and is similar to the shape of a bunch of flowers.
    7808 580 WO3−x QDs
    7809 581 Fe–N–C Fig. 1C shows a typical transmission electron micrograph image of the synthesized Fe–N–C with a few Fe nanoparticles being inserted in the CN nanotubes.
    7810 582 Ag5PMo12@PPy Moreover, the SEM technique was employed to inspect the morphologies of PPy, Ag5PMo12, and Ag5PMo12@Ppy (Figure 2c−e)
    7811 583 FA-PMo4V8 100 nm TEM TEM image (Fig. S1d) demonstrated that the assembled FA-PMo4V8 nanoparticle was colloidal spheres with diameter of 100 nm.
    7812 584 NMPs As presented in Figures 1A-C, NMPs showed uniform fusiform shapes with an average length of 1.2 µm and width of 0.3 µm.
    7815 588 PPy@MoS2@Au TEM, SEM As shown in Fig. 1(A and B), the MoO3 microrods are ~300 nm in diameter and ~10 μm in length. 28.57
    7816 590 GdW10O36 nanoclusters TEM GdW10O36 NCs had a monodispersed spherical morphology and an ultra-small diameter of about 1~3 nm that exhibited high hydrophilicity and dispersity at a pH of 7.4 (Figure 1B).
    7818 592 Au−Cu2−xS TEM Fig. 1A and B shows large and small scale transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the as-prepared Janus SPs, respectively. There are well dispersed and possess well-defined hybrid and Janus structure due to the contrast difference of Au and Cu2−xS materials
    7819 593 CeO2 TEM The resulting CeO2 nanozymes obtained by a simple solvothermal protocol are in highly morphological uniformity and dispersity (Fig. 1a and S1a) with an average size of 31.1 ±3.9 nm (Fig. 1c). The STEM image (Fig. 1b) shows a flower-like morphology assembled by tiny nanoparticles with an average size of 6.1 ± 1.6 nm.
    7820 594 Pt/ZnCo2O4 TEM, SEM Fig. 1B and C show the SEM and TEM images of Pt/ZnCo2O4 , respectively. As displayed in Fig. S2 (ESI†), ZnCo2O4 microspheres with 1.5–2 mm diameter were composed of nanoparticles.
    7821 595 ZnO-Pd nm TEM The TEM micrographs show that the synthesized ZnO-Pd has a sheet-like structure, with the palladium particles incorporated in it (Figure 3a–d),
    7825 599 Pdn-GBLP NPs TEM The sizes of Pd NPs inside of Pdn-GBLP NPs were investigated by TEM. Fig. 2 showed Pd NPs are spherical and monodisperse. The calculated average diameter of Pd NPs was 7.61 ± 1.74 nm for Pd41-GBLP; 9.62 ± 2.53 nm for Pd68-GBLP; 11.10 ± 2.76 nm for Pd91-GBLP and 13.13 ± 2.64 nm for Pd137-GBLP, respectively. The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of Pdn-GBLP NPs were measured using DLS technology. As shown in Fig. 5a, the hydrodynamic size of Pd41-GBLP NPs was 21.4 nm for Pd41-GBLP NPs; 22.1 nm for Pd68-GBLP NPs; 23.1 nm for Pd91-GBLP NPs and 25.9 nm for Pd137-GBLP NPs.
    7826 600 PtNPs@PCs TEM, SEM The prepared PCs and PtNPs@PCs were characterized by SEM and TEM, and the results were shown in Fig. 1. The SEM image of PCs (Fig. 1A) indicated that the obtained carbon materials were porous structure monolith aer the removal of MgO template. As shown in Fig. 1B, it can be seen that PtNPs were uniformly spread on the surface of the porous of PCs.
    7827 601 AuMS 1 μm TEM As shown in Fig. 3a, short bent rod-like structures with a length of about 1 μm can be observed. The particles into the walls are 3.8 ± 0.5 nm in diameter (Fig. 3e) with an average size of 4 nm (Fig. 4).
    7828 602 Fe3O4 nanoparticles
    7829 603 ACP/hemin@Zn-MOF AFM As measured, pure Zn-MOF nanosheets have a diameter of ~600 nm and a thickness of ~150 nm, and the ACP/hemin@Zn-MOF sheets possess a diameter of approximately 250 nm and a thickness of about 50 nm.
    7830 604 GO/AuNPs TEM From the inserted TEM, it can be seen that the small amount of spherical nanoparticles with the particle size of about 30 nm were uniformly dispersed and embedded on the surface of GO. The graphene sheet is covered with tightly compressed spherical nanoparticles with particle size of about 30 nm, which should be gold nanoparticles.
    7832 606 Pt NPs-PVP the average diameter of Pt NPs-PVP is about 3 nm, which is calculated by statistical analysis of hundreds of nanoparticles in TEM image. The average hydrodynamic diameter  of Pt NPs-PVP was around 4.5 nm (Fig. 1C) as measured by DLS.
    7833 607 Cu-rGO 5 nm TEM he as-synthesized nanoparticles are largely spherical in shape with an average particle size of 5 nm (Fig S3). he marked dotted white circles in Fig. 1c indicates the presence of Cu NPs on the rGO support having a diameter of 5 nm, and the lattice fringes show an inter-planar spacing of 0.209 nm
    7835 610 FePc/HNCSs The as-prepared HNCSs showed a hollow spherical structure with an average diameter of about 100 nm (Figure S1c,d, Supporting Information). Besides, HNCSs possess a high specific surface area and a suitable average pore size of 582.97 m2 g–1 and 4.06 nm, respectively (Figure S2, Supporting Information), which are conducive to supporting FePc and decreasing its aggregation. In addition, FePc/HNCSs displayed a hydrodynamic size of ≈157 nm (Figure 1c) 582.97
    7837 613 NH2-MIL-53(Fe) 300-500 nm SEM The average size is approximately 300–500 nm
    7841 618 MoO3−x NDs The typical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the as-obtained supernatant (Figure 1A) showed well-dispersed nanodots with an average diameter of 3.07 ± 0.35 nm (Figure 1B) as calculated from counting 80 particles of the TEM images. The high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) characterization showed the lattice spacings of about 0.231 nm in the crystal structure of the nanodots, which was consistent well with the (224) diffraction planes of MoO3 (JCPDS No. 21-0569). As indicated in the Figure 1C, the atomic force microscope (AFM) image with the height analysis (inset of Figure 1C) confirmed the good mono-dispersibility of the nanodots. The average height was 1.43 ± 0.08 nm,
    7843 621 Au@Pt TEM From the results of TEM and UV–visible spectroscopy characterizations (Fig. 2), lots of spiny Pt nanostructures can be found on the smooth surface of AuNRs (D = 21 nm and L = 74 nm)
    7844 622 TiO2/Bi2WO6/Ag heterojunction 200 nm TEM After coating the TiO2 hollow nanostructures on the surfaces of SiO2 microspheres with the sol–gel reaction of TBOT and selective etching processes of NaOH, the average sizes were increased to 370 nm (Fig. 1D, E). Fig. S3 showed a typical TEM image of Ag nanocubes with an average size of about 76.2 nm.
    7847 625 Ceria NPs 3–4 nm TEM The average diameter of ceria NPs is 3−4 nm (Figure 2A,B) that is measured from the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image. Meanwhile, the result of dynamic laser scattering (DLS) measurement revealed ceria NPs possessed an average size of ∼4 nm (Figure 2C)
    7848 626 AuPd @MnO2 100-150 nm SEM & TEM
    7851 629 DNA-Au/Pt NCs ~4 nm
    7852 630 POMOFs@PDDA-rGO 8 μm SEM&TEM
    7853 631 Fe-PorCOF 200 nm TEM
    7855 635 NEQC-340 70-200 nm TEM 112
    7857 637 Magnetite@cellulose NCs 200 nm TEM 25
    7859 639 WS2 QDs 11.25 1.22 nm TEM
    7865 647 MoSe2 4.5 nm TEm Average
    7868 651 FeS2/SiO2 70 nm TEM Averange 210.1
    7871 655 Cu-Carbon dots 5 nm DLS
    7873 657 iron oxides
    7874 658 AuNPs
    7877 660 Fe3O4/Au NPs 20.37 0.58 nm TEM The particle size of a single particle increases from 8.3 ± 0.25 nm (Fig. S2a) to 20.37 ± 0.58 nm.
    7878 661 Fe-SAzyme 150 nm TEM Fig. 1B revealed that the obtained Fe-SAzyme maintained the dodecahedral structure well after pyrolysis from Fe(acac)3@ZIF-8 NPs, and displayed average size of around 150 nm.
    7879 662 g-C3N4 nm SEM The SEM images in Fig. 4 show the morphological and structural differences between PCN and CCN. PCN exhibited a fluffy-like structure with a small and irregular dense-texture as compared to CCN texture. These fluffy nanosheets were connected in such a way that they have left a small hollow space between them. In comparison, CCN exhibited a uniform surface texture, and g-C3N4 crystalline sheets were looked like large-sized aggregates. 89.9，11.8 A summary of the comparison of the specific surface area (SBET), total pore volume, and pore width of PCN and CCN are listed in Table 2. PCN exhibited greater SBET (89.9 m2/g) than that of CCN (11.8 m2/g). This enlarged surface area can be attributed to porous, thin, and curled nanosheets in fluffy PCN as compared to crystallized, planar, and large layered nanosheets of CCN.
    7880 663 S-rGO SEM
    7881 664 Au-Pt/SiO TEM As shown in Fig. S1A, SiO2 NPs are homogenous with good monodispersity. After conjugating with Au NPs (∼5 nm), small black dots are evenly covered on the surface of SiO2 NPs, resulting with the Au/SiO2 hybrids (Fig. S1B).
    7882 665 GO-UO22+ NPs TEM
    7883 666 AuNCs-SF SEM
    7885 668 D-Trp-OMe@AuNCs 2.3 nm DLS As shown in Fig. 2a and b, the D-Trp-OMe@AuNCs were monodisperse and spherical with an average size of 2.3 nm. The addition of TC induced the aggregation of D-Trp-OMe@AuNCs to form the D-Trp-OMe@AuNCs-TC composites [28] (Fig. 2d). Fig. 2c clearly shows that 24.2 nm was the average size of the D-Trp-OMe@AuNCs-TC composites.
    7886 669 GNR 32 nm TEM Also, Fig. S1 shows another TEM image of GNR which can also demonstrate the yield of MWCNT unzipping and GNR production. The FESEM images of MWCNT and GNR are shown in Fig. 2c and d, respectively. According to Fig. 2c, the average size of the synthesized GNR was found to be about 32 nm. 410
    7887 670 Fe3S4 nm SEM SEM was employed to investigate the effects of EG: H2O ratios on the size and shape of Fe3S4 products. All samples exhibited flower-like structure consisting of multiple nanosheets (Fig. S1). However, the “flower” size decreased from ∼10 to ∼4 μm with increasing EG concentrations from 0 to 100%, which may be ascribed to differences in the dielectric constant, interionic attraction and solute-solvent interactions on crystal growth formation [33].
    7888 671 IrNPs 90 nm TEM The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of IrNPs shows particles with a rough surface morphology and a transverse diameter of ∼90 nm (Figure 2a).
    7889 672 MoS2-Lys NSs 80-110 nm TEM The diameter of MoS2-Lys NSs was in the range of 80–110 nm, which was much smaller than that of the H2SO4-treated MoS2 NSs with a diameter of 150–210 nm.
    7892 675 AIronNPs 15 5 nm TEM The diameter of the AIronNPs was ~15 ± 5 nm. High resolution TEM images (Fig. 1b) of the AIronNPs showed the absence of lattice fringes, indicating their non-crystalline or amorphous nature clearly.
    7893 676 PBNPs 150 26 nm SEM PBNPs was characterized by SEM to observe the morphology. As shown in Fig. 2A, the PBNPs were well-prepared and in the shape of cubes with an average diameter of 150 ± 26 nm.
    7899 683 BiVO4 nm SEM It is clear that the flower-like BiVO4 microspheres with uniform structure were assembled from BiVO4 nanosheets and were basically consistent with the description in the literature [26].
    7905 691 Fe-doped g-C3N4 nanoflake TEM The highresolution TEM (HR-TEM) image showed that the lattice fringes with a spacing of 0.329 nm attributed to the classic (002) plane of g-C3N4
    7913 701 Hep-Pd NPs 3–5 nm TEM As the [Na2PdCl4]/[Hep] increases to 5, Hep-Pd exhibits dispersive nanoparticles with the mean diameter of 3.5 nm (Fig. 1b).
    7917 705 ATF Au@TMV nanowire (AT) complex was obtained with diameter of 4 nm and length between 200 and 300 nm.
    7922 710 LaMNPs-PEG 71 nm DLS The HD and potential of LaMNPs-PEG were about ~71 nm and ~-27.3 mV by dynamic light scattering (DLS)
    7923 711 DhHP-6-c-ZrMOF 250-300 nm SEM the average particle diameter of DhHP-6-c-ZrMOF was observed around 250-300 nm from FE-SEM images 246.27
    7927 717 Fe2O3/CNTs TEM It is obvious that these nanoparticles are uniformly distributed with diameter of around 1 nm. When 15 cycles of Fe2O3 were applied, a higher density of nanoparticles with larger size of around 2 nm on CNTs was observed both in HRTEM (Figure 1E) and HAADF (Figure 1F) images. 24.5 U/mg
    7928 718 L-Hisx@Fe-COF
    7929 719 Fe-BTC SEM The size of Fe-BTC was about 2.6 μm × 2.1 μm (length × width
    7930 719 Fe-BTC 77 nm AFM AFM characterization shows that the average thickness of the 2D Fe-BTC nanosheets was about 77 nm
    7935 725 laccase@Fe-BTC/NiFe2O4-MT Fig. S7† shows the pore distributions of NiFe2O4-MT, Fe-BTC/NiFe2O4-MT and laccase@Fe-BTC/NiFe2O4-MT (2–10 nm). For laccase@Fe-BTC/NiFe2O4-MT, irregular spherical particles with an average grain size of 100 nm were uniformly grown on the surface of the interlaced NiFe2O4 nanosheets (Fig. 2d–f). As shown in Fig. 3b–f, a large number of tiny nanoparticles with a grain size ranging from 5 to 10 nm were encapsulated in spherical nanoparticles with a mean grain size of 80 nm. Small cavities with a size ranging from 5 to 10 nm were observed. 160 329.2 U/g
    7936 726 NH2-MIL-88B(Fe)-Ag ~300 nm SEM As shown in Figure 1B, the SEM revealed that NH2-MIL-88B(Fe)-Ag was produced with the morphology of fusiform and length of ∼300 nm, identical to that of NH2- MIL-88B(Fe) in Figure 1A.
    7937 727 Ir NPs ~2.4 nm TEM Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicated that the as-prepared Ir NPs showed a narrow size distribution with the average diameter of ∼2.4 nm (Fig. 1A–C).
    7938 728 GOx@MOF The SEM and TEM images (Fig. 1A and B) showed the plate-like structure of the obtained Cu-MOF, which agreed well with the previous work.
    7942 733 Ti3C2 103 nm AFM The AFM image (Fig. 1D)provides a relatively precise thickness of the Ti3C2nanosheetsat around 5 nm and the diameter is mainly distributed in35–155 nm with the average size of 103 nm (Fig. S1, ESI†).
    7947 738 LIPIA AFM images of the assemblies formed by LIPIA 1 showed left-handed twisted nanoribbons with a regular pitch of 9.1 nm and a height of 8.9 nm, whereas LIPIA 2 assembled into flat nanoribbons with a height of 9.2 nm (Figure 1, A and B). TEM images showed that LIPIA 2 formed flat nanoribbons with an average width of 12.1 nm (Figure 1D).
    7953 741 Fe-COFs 302
    7957 744 Pt-GNRs TEM The GNRs displayed a length of ~60 nm and a width of ~17 nm (aspect ratio of ~3.5), as seen in Figure 2b,c. After depositing of Pt, the rod-like structure remained, and the Pt nanodots with sizes of 3-4 nm covered the end of the GNRs homogeneously.
    7958 745 Pt/WO2.72 TEM The height and width of the as-formed WO2.72 nanoplates were 10–25 nm and 20–50 nm, respectively. The Pt nanoparticle surfaces were predominantly spherical, with average sizes of 10–15 nm. The high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image in Fig. 1c revealed distinct lattice fringes of 0.317 nm, 0.378 nm, and 0.294 nm, corresponding to the (010), (004), and (402) lattice planes of WO2.72 nanoplates, respectively. Distinct lattice fringes of 0.226 nm and 0.196 nm corresponded to the (111) and (200) lattice planes of Pt nanoparticles, respectively.
    7963 752 Au@Pt nm DLS The formation of the spiky Pt layer on GNP seeds resulted in the increase of the hydrodynamic diameter from 22.2 ± 5.2 to 54.9 ± 12.2 nm
    7964 753 Au/Cu2O 800 nm SEM It can be seen that the Cu2O NMs are made up of numerous regular and well–defined cube–like structures with average size of about 800 nm.
    7968 758 Ag1Pd1 1.8 nm TEM the reduced Pd species form highly disperse NCs with the average size of 1.8 nm
    7970 760 2Arg@FeOOH 300 nm SEM 2Arg@FeOOH and 5Arg@FeOOH have sheet-like structure with a diameter of about 300 nm
    7973 766 nanoceria-PTA*-AuNPs 59.65 30.46 nm TEM PTA-Au NPs
    7974 766 nanoceria-PTA*-AuNPs 26.77 5.1 nm TEM CeO2
    7975 768 Co3O4 HNCs 100-400 nm TEM 121.2
    7976 769 UiO-66-Fc 200 nm TEM As shown in Fig. 1b, UiO-66-NH2 exhibits a regular polyhedral shape with an average size of 200 nm. DSL analysis showed that the size distribution is from 100 to 300 nm
    7988 780 CuS-BSA-Cu3(PO4)2 10 nm TEM Conjugation of Cu3(PO4)2 with CuS-BSA generates CuS-BSA-Cu3(PO4)2 nanoparticles (NPs) of 10 nm in size with high catalytic activity against a peroxidase substrate, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB).
    7995 784 AuPt@SF (APS) In addition, the hydrodynamic size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the nanozyme were 120.3 nm and 0.259, respectively, which is within the valid size range (50-200 nm) for the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect 97.254
    7996 785 GOD@ Cu-hemin MOFs μm SEM The diameter of GOD@Cu-hemin MOF ranges from 6.75 to 7.75 μm (Inset). Furthermore, there are lots of large pores with different size in the GOD@Cu-hemin MOF, which is benefit for the mass transfer. 50.06
    7997 785 Cu-hemin MOF 27.13
    7998 787 ZnCo-ZIF 230 nm SEM As shown in Fig. S1,† the synthesized ZnCo-ZIF nanocrystals were monodispersed with an average diameter of about 230 nm.
    8000 789 NiMn LDH 23 nm TEM The lateral size of the LDH nanosheets estimated from the TEM image ranges from 10 to 36 nm with a mean value of 23 nm
    8006 796 CuS-BSA-Cu3(PO4)2 54-143 nm DLS Indeed, the surface charge of CuS-BSA changed from −26 ± 2.8 mV to −29 ± 2.6 mV upon incorporation of Cu3(PO4)2, while the diameter increased from 54 nm up to 143 nm.
    8008 798 PtPdCu TNAs 36.43 4.32 nm TEM The diameter was calculated to be 36.43 ± 4.32 nm from 200 random cubic shape particles.
    8009 799 Ce/ZnCo2O4 500 nm SEM Clearly, the size of Ce/ZnCo2O4 (ca. 500 nm) is slightly larger than that of pure ZnCo2O4 (ca. 320 nm), due to the Ce-doping in the synthesis process of Ce/ZnCo2O4 nanocomposites.
    8013 806 CD44MMSN/AuNPs 417.39
    8017 812 Cu NCs 1.7 0.1 nm TEM The TEM image of as-synthesized Cu NCs clearly shows the formation of spherical and well-dispersed particles with an average diameter of 1.7 ± 0.1 nm (Figure 2A).
    8020 815 PANI@MoS2@Fe3O4/Ag, Au, Pd 39.2
    8024 821 [Pyr]Ac- Ni0 11.3 nm XRD The average crystallite size was determined for the most intense peak at 2θ = 44.5° using the Debye Scherer equation was found to be 11.3 nm.
    8026 826 FeWOX NSs 15.7 2.4 nm TEM Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging revealed that the obtained FeWOX NSs showed the nanosheet-structure and average size at 15.7 ± 2.4 nm (Figure 1B and Figure S1, Supporting Information). The thickness of the as-obtained nanosheets was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) image to be ≈0.34 nm (Figure 1D,E).
    8028 828 Pt/CoFe2O4 34 nm TEM As can be seen from Fig. 3a, Pt/CoFe2O4 nanospheres with 34 nm in dimeter, which are composed of much smaller nanoparticles with size of 4.5 nm.
    8030 830 CA@PtNi hNS 10.3 2 nm TEM TEM image [Fig. 2(b)] indicates that the CA@PtNi hNS consist of well-dispersed, hollow nanospheres with an average diameter of 10.3 ± 2 nm.
    8032 833 Pt/CdS TEM It is found that the rod-like morphology of Pt/CdS with the width range from 20 to 70 nm.
    8033 835 AuVCs 26.5 0.80 nm TEM The morphology of VLPs and AuVCs were first characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM); no obvious difference in morphology was observed between them, but the diameter of the AuVCs was slightly decreased to 26.50 ± 0.80 nm compared with VLPs (28.90 ± 0.90 nm).
    8039 843 GOx–Fe3O4@SHS 3 1 μm DLS The hydrodynamic particle size distribution was in the range of 2–4 μm. 270.138
    8040 843 GOx–Fe3O4@SHC 3 1 μm DLS The DLS study showed the size distribution of the particle in the range 2–4 μm. 302.561
    8044 848 sulfuration-engineered CoOx 32.85
    8046 850 PCN-222(Mn) 2217
    8047 853 Fe-CDs 2.1 0.7 nm DLS All the particle sizes are less than 10 nm, which is a typical characteristic of CD size, and the particle sizes are mainly distributed in the range of 1.6–2.8 nm, so the Fe-CDs have a large specific surface area.
    8049 855 FeS2@C NSs 107 12 nm DLS According to the size distribution of the FeS2 NPs shown in Figure S1e (Supporting Information), the diameters of the nanoparticles lied in the range of 94–120 nm. 91.93
    8051 857 Fe3O4@Au@cDNA@H-GN 250 125 nm SEM The particle size of the Fe3O4 MNPs ranges from 125 to 375 nm. It is obvious that Au NPs (~4 nm, Fig. 1C inset) attach and distribute densely on the surface of Fe3O4 NPs.
    8053 859 Co3O4-g-C3N4 115 85 nm SEM The SEM images of higher magnification (Figs. S2e and f) reveal that the xCo3O4-g-C3N4 samples are with particle sizes ranging from 30 to 200 nm, and are higher than g-C3N4 in terms of sheet number and surface area.
    8054 860 Au–Ag–GOx HTNs 60 nm TEM As shown in TEM image and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image (Fig. 1(a) and Fig. S1 in the Electronic Supplementary Material (ESM)), well-distributed Ag nanoprisms were prepared successfully with the thickness of around 10 nm (inserted image). Next, the Au–Ag HTNs were prepared by galvanic replacement reaction. The as-prepared Au–Ag HTNs displayed well-maintained shape of Ag nanotemplates with the average size of 60 nm.
    8055 861 g-CNOX XRD The strong XRD peak at 27.1° (2θ), corresponding to an interlayer distance of d = 0.328 nm
    8056 862 CoMoO4 4.5 0.5 μm SEM The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of microflowers CoMoO4 and NiMoO4 are shown in Figures 1A and S1A, respectively. The as-prepared CoMoO4 exhibits uniform flower-like structures with a size of 4–5 μm, whereas NiMoO4 shows a relatively smooth surface with a small size of 2–3 μm. 103.6
    8057 862 NiMoO4 2.5 0.5 μm SEM The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of microflowers CoMoO4 and NiMoO4 are shown in Figures 1A and S1A, respectively. The as-prepared CoMoO4 exhibits uniform flower-like structures with a size of 4–5 μm, whereas NiMoO4 shows a relatively smooth surface with a small size of 2–3 μm. 368.8
    8059 864 2D Cu-TCPP nanofilm μm TEM, SEM
    8064 869 Ag-Pt/rGO 20 nm TEM spherical Ag-Pt NPs with the size of about 20 nm (n = 50) are well dispersed on the surface of rGO.
    8065 870 Co-Al-Ce mixed metal oxide (MMO) 0.31 nm TEM
    8066 871 Cu-MOF TEM, SEM The morphology of prepared Cu-MOF NPs was characterized by TEMand SEManalysis. As displayed in Fig. 2a, b, the Cu- MOF NPs have a spherical shape with uniform particle distribution.
    8069 874 IONPs 80 nm TEM,DLS DLS and NTA measurements showed that the Dh of the dispersion was approximately 80 nm with a broad particle size distribution.
    8073 878 N/Cl-CDs 2 to 6 nm TEM All the particles appeared in a quasispherical shape within a diameter of 2 to 6 nm
    8075 880 Fe3O4@PAA/TMC/PEG 100 nm TEM Figure 1 showed the TEM images of Fe3O4 NPs, Fe3O4@PAA/PEG/CS NPs and Fe3O4@PAA/TMC/PEG NPs. The Fe3O4 NPs (Figure 1(A)) exhibited a rough surface with the diameter of 100 nm,
    8076 881 FePOs 420~430 nm DLS FePOs measured by DLS was approximately 420∼430 nm
    8077 882 Magnetite 19（4） nm TEM the TEM micrographs of the nanoparticles electrochemically synthesized as well as the size distribution in the inset; thereof, the mean value is approximately 19(4) nm.
    8078 883 PVP-PtNC 45.3 ± 14.0 nm
    8080 885 HGNs-Apt SEM shows the morphology of HGNs-Apt immobilized on the surface of SPCE. A decrease in spherical particles is observed, indicating that HGNs-Apt are successfully formed.
    8081 886 Co3Fe-MMOF 3.4 μm SEM he length size of the Co3Fe-MMOF nanodiamond is about 3.4 µm,
    8082 887 PEI-600-Fe C-dots 7-12 nm TEM Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicated that the synthesized PEI-600-Fe C-dots were uniformly distributed, and granular diameters were approximately 7−12 nm (Figure 1a,b).
    8083 888 GLAD Ni film 610 nm SEM The final thickness of the Ni GLAD film was 610 nm as measured on a cleaved sample in a cross-sectional view by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi S-4800).
    8084 889 Ptn-JP NCs 1.09-1.96 nm TEM Here, the size of Pt NCs inside Ptn-JP NCs was measured by TEM. As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. S2,† Pt NCs inside Ptn-JP NCs exist in a good monodisperse state. The calculated average diameters of Pt NCs inside Pt50-JP, Pt200-JP and Pt400-JP were 1.09 ± 0.23 nm, 1.78 ± 0.53 nm and 1.96 ± 0.59 nm, respectively.
    8086 892 PB@Cyt c composite 50 nm SEM Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of PB itself exhibited as nanocubes with a size of ~ 50 nm (Figure 1e), which is consistent with the previous report
    8088 896 Ptn-PEI NPs 3.21-3.70 nm TEM Figure 3. TEM images and relevant size distribution of Pt NPs inside of (a) Pt50-PEI, (b) Pt100-PEI, and (c) Pt150-PEI. Pt NPs stabilized by PEI had a small size from 3.21 to 3.70 nm.
    8091 899 hemin@UiO-66-NH2 100―190 nm TEM Fig.2 SEM(A, B) and TEM images(C, D) of UiO-66- NH2(A, C) and hemin@UiO-66-NH2(B, D)
    8094 902 Vanadium oxide quantum dots (VOxQDs) 3.39 nm TEM The average diameter of the VOxQDs was 3.39 ± 0.57nm by statistics of the 100 particles (Fig.1E).
    8097 905 biochar-based carbonaceous materials <100 nm The biochar peroxidase-like activity also depends on the particle size, as documented in Fig. 2b for maize cob (MC) biochar. As expected, smaller biochar particles exhibit higher activity. A similar situation was also observed in the case of nanomaterials mimicking peroxidases; this phenomenon may be due to the smaller particles having a greater surfaceto-volume ratio to interact with their substrates. This observation suggests that selective fabrication of peroxidase-like materials with diferent size and shape is very important to modulate their catalytic activities (Jv et al. 2010; Peng et al. 2015).
    8098 906 MNPs 10 3 nm TEM The analysis of particles via TEM and SEM proved a narrow particle size distribution with the diameter of crystallites 10 ± 3 nm. (Figure 2B,C).
    8101 909 Tungsten Disulfide Quantum Dots 4.0-6.0 nm TEM The inset of Figure 1a shows the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) image of functionalized quantum dots, which shows nearly spherical-shaped & well-dispersed quantum dots having an average particle size of 4–6 nm.
    8107 915 UiO-66(Fe/Zr)-NH2 2.0-3.0 μm SEM
    8113 921 g-C3N4/CeO2 200 nm TEM It is clearly noted that CeO2 nanomaterials could display uniformly defined monodisperse hollow nanospheres with a size of about 200 nm in diameter (Fig. 1A), as confirmed by the TEM image displayed in the amplified view (Fig. 1B).
    8114 922 Ru/PC 1.46 nm TEM This has been firmly demonstrated by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image (Fig. 1b), in which plenty of Ru NPs with a small size (1.46 nm, Fig. 1c) are highly dispersed on the surface of the PC without obvious aggregation after the electroless deposition process.
    8118 1056 WS2 nanosheets TEM&AFM The morphological characteristics of the exfoliated WS2 nanosheets were observed by TEM (Figure 1a). The WS2 nanosheets display a wrinkle shape due to partial overlap and folding, and the diameter of the layered nanosheets ranges from 50 to 300 nm. The AFM image in Figure 1b further proves the above-mentioned morphology and size of layered nanosheets, indicating that the thickness of the WS2 nanosheets is about 13 nm.
    8121 1058 MoS2@CoFe2O4 450-650 nm DLS Besides, the particle size distribution assay demonstrated the diameter of the MoS2@CoFe2O4 mainly focuses on 450~650 nm, which is equal to the sum of the main diameters of MoS2 and CoFe2O4 (Fig. S4).
    8125 1062 MnO2 Fenozymes TEM Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the uniform diameter of the hollow structure of FTn was ≈12 nm after protein negative staining (Figure 1b). The diameter of FTn inner cavity is 8 nm, and the incorporated MnO2 nanozymes within the FTn core (MnO2 Fenozymes) were observed by TEM. The MnO2 Fenozymes showed monodispersed spherical morphology (Figure 1c) with mean diameters of ≈6.5 nm, which did not change after TPP conjugation (Figure 1d).
    8129 1064 Pt-LNT NCs 1.2 0.29 nm TEM the size of Pt-LNT NCs was 1.20 ± 0.29 nm 116.6
    8130 1065 GCDs TEM As shown in Fig. 2(a), pure Au NPs are spherical with good dispersion and their size is about 15 nm. Pure CDs is also good dispersion with the size about 5 nm as shown in Fig. 2(b). Fig. 2(d) exhibits obvious CDs about 20 nm as shown in Fig. 2(d).
    8133 1067 PN-CeO2 2~4 nm TEM And the TEM of PN-CeO2 shows that the surface of rod-like structure become rough relative to pristine precursor, meanwhile, a porous feature is observed with diameter of 2∼4 nm (Fig. 1C). 147.70
    8134 1067 BNQDs/CeO2 TEM the synthesized BNQDs display a uniformly spherical shape and its average lateral size is about 2 nm (inset of Fig. 1A). Fig. 1B shows that CeO2/Ce(OH)3 precursor is non-porous rod-like morphology with length ranging from 60 to 80 nm and diameter of ∼8 nm. According to the high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image of BNQDs/CeO2 (inset in Fig. 1D), the lattice fringes with 0.32 nm was attribute to typical (111) facet of CeO2, while the interplanar spacing of 0.21 nm corresponded to (100) crystal plane of BNQDs, further revealing the presence of BNQDs [39]. 130.93
    8135 1068 SiO2@Pt NPs TEM the silica seed nanoparticles exhibited excellent dispersity with a mean size of 53 ± 1.5 nm, and with the further growth of silica on the surface of seed nanoparticles, the resulting SiO2 nanoparticles reached a size of approximately 114 ± 3.4 nm (Fig. 1b). TEM illustrated that the mean size of the as-prepared Pt NPs was 3.0 ± 0.3 nm (Fig. S1). HRTEM showed that the lattice spacing of the Pt NPs was 0.23 nm (inset in Fig. S1), which corresponds to the (111) lattice facet of Pt crystals [37].
    8137 1070 Fe(II)- and Fe(III)-doped poly-L-DOPA Sample size is relatively unchanged after Fe replacement (davg = 143 and 153 nm). DLS results corroborate the uniform size distribution and demonstrate aqueous stability for 1-Mn(II) (dH = 261.8 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) = 0.101, ζ = −23.1 mV) and 1-Fe (dH = 306.3 nm, PDI = 0.138, ζ = −29.2 mV) 58.92
    8138 1072 Co(OH)2/FeOOH/WO3 20 nm SEM The nanoflowersare are composed of multilayer self-assembled nanosheets with a thickness of 20 nm, indicating its hierarchical structure.
    8142 1076 MnO2-Dox@HFn 10-12 nm TEM
    8143 1077 WS2 nanosheets 100 nm AFM 10 nm thickness； The nanoparticle and zeta potential analyzer was used to measure the lateral average size and zeta potential of the WS2 nanosheets as 122.9 nm and −2.73 mV, respectively.
    8145 1079 Copper Nanozyme 15-20 μm SEM
    8147 1082 G3.0-he(1:2.5) 17.2 0.8 nm TEM
    8149 1082 G3.0-he(1:7.5) 78.2 1.8 nm TEM
    8148 1082 G3.0-he(1:5.0) 48.7 1.3 nm TEM
    8146 1082 G3.0-he(1:1.0) 13.4 1.2 nm TEM
    8150 1083 MFNCDs 2-2.25 nm TEM
    8151 1084 CuMnFe-ATP 5-10 nm TEM The specific surface area and pore-size distribution of CuMnFe-ATP were calculated based on nitrogen adsorption–desorption results. As Fig. 3C shows, the CuMnFe-ATP NPs exhibited a type IV isotherm, which possessed significant hysteresis at the range of 0.4–1.0 P/P0. The surface area was calculated as 37.31 m2 g− 1 , according to the Brunauer-EmmettTeller model. The large surface area may be induced by the collapse of the CuMnFe-ATP NP structures after drying in vacuum. From Fig. 3D, although the pore-size distribution of CuMnFe-ATP NPs was majorly in the range of 5–10 nm, some pore sizes were about 27.5 nm. The generation of larger pores suggests the collapse of the CuFeMn-ATP NPs. Also, the SEM micrograph indicates the existence of large pores in the CuMnFe-ATP NPs, which also proves the structure collapse. 37.31
    8154 1086 FeVO4 120 nm SEM length
    8153 1086 FeVO4 100 nm SEM width
    8157 1092 SnO2/GCN 160 nm DLS
    8160 1095 GOQD-q-CuO nm TEM Typical TEM images are displayed in Fig. 1A and S1A, which show well-dispersed, uniform, and spherical GOQD and q-CuO with an average diameters of ~4–7 nm (Fig. 1B) and ~3–5 nm, respectively, which are consistent with previous reports [21,27]. The q-CuO are surrounded by GOQD, forming GOQD-q-CuO composites (Fig. S1B) because of the presence of GOQD surface functional groups, such as peripheral carboxylic groups [28]. The q-CuO are not spindle-shaped as reported elsewhere because precipitation from alcohol enables direct formation of CuO, unlike precipitation from aqueous solution that initially results in Cu(OH)2 formation [29,30]. The high resolution TEM image of GOQD-q-CuO (Fig. 1C) shows a 0.25 nm distance between neighboring lattice fringes, corresponding to the [002] planes of monoclinic CuO. The Energy dispersive spectra (EDS) and elemental mapping results of CuO/PCN nanocomposite further demonstrate the presence of C, O and Cu elements (Fig. 1D–G).
    8161 1096 CDs@ZIF-8 200 nm SEM
    8164 1102 Pt/UiO-66 3.8 nm Others Pt,计算得到 1327
    8165 1104 CuMn2O4 30-80 nm SEM
    8169 1107 Mn/PSAE 230 nm SEM First, ZIF-8 nanocubes (ZIF-8 NCs), with average particle size of about 230 nm (Supporting Information, Figure S1), were etched with tannic acid (TA) in aqueous solution to generate a hollow structure by a controlled chemical etching approach. 1298
    8176 1111 MoSe2/CoSe2@PEG The MoSe2/CoSe2@PEG heterostructures were prepared via a simple coprecipitation strategy. As shown in Figure 1A, the as-prepared sample reveals nanosheets with nearly 30–50 nm in size with the thickness about 3–4 nm (Figure S1, Supporting Information). And dynamic light scattering (DLS) also indicates the hydration size centers at about 69.2 nm
    8180 1118 Cu NanoZyme 100 nm SEM The deposited nanoparticles on the surface of the fabric showed the presence of sub-100-nm quasi-spherical copper nanostructures as observed in the SEM image
    8181 1119 carbon dot 3.48 nm TEM the carbon dot particles are almost spherical, with an average size of 3.48 nm
    8182 1119 I-CDs nm TEM The diameter of I-CDs is mainly distributed in a narrow range of 2.2–4.6 nm
    8183 1120 ZnCo-ZIF 230 nm SEM the parent ZnCo-ZIF nanocrystals are monodispersed with an average size of ~ 230 nm.
    8184 1121 CPMP 330 nm TEM It can be seen from Figure S3, Supporting Information, that 9.5% CPMP had an average particle size of about 330 nm with good dispersity (the polydispersity index of 9.5% CPMP in water and phosphate buffer solution [PBS], as well as cell medium is 0.221, 0.213, and 0.116, respectively), which is suitable for biological applications and can achieve good therapeutic results.
    8186 1126 g-CNQDs 2.39 ± 0.05 nm TEM
    8187 1127 1-Me-D-Trp@AuNCs 2.3 nm TEM The average diameter of the 1-Me-D-Trp@AuNCs estimated with TEM was about 2.3 nm (ESM Fig. S3). After the addition of NOR, the diameter of 1-Me-D-Trp@AuNCs-NOR increased to 5.2 nm (Fig. 4), indicating NOR adsorption onto the surface of the nanozymes.
    8188 1128 ZnSA-AuAMP hydrogel 2.48 ± 0.54 nm TEM The as-prepared AuAMP NCs are approximately 2.48 ± 0.54 nm in diameter with benign dispersion and uniformity
    8190 1130 CuS/g-C3N4 3.68 ± 0.14 nm TEM 16.902
    8191 1130 CuS/h-BN 38.8 ± 1.66 nm TEM 25.792
    8193 1135 Ni–Pt NPs 13.9 ± 2.4 nm TEM
    8195 1138 CF-H-Au 200 μm SEM The formation of Au on the surface of CF fragments with a size up to 200 μm (obtained by pre-ultrasonic treatment) is much more efficient (light areas) compared to larger CF fragments (dark areas) (see figs2, figs3).
    8198 1145 C-IONPs 250 nm TEM On the other hand, DLS analysis also revealed uniform hydrodynamic size distribution of the nanoparticles. The hydrodynamic radius of the C-IONPs was found to be 318.4 ± 13.58 nm with a polydispersity of 41.25% ± 6.86 (Figure S4).
    8199 1148 Pd NCs 1.7 nm TEM According to TEM images, Pd NCs exhibits the average diameter of 1.7 nm (Fig. 1c).
    8200 1149 SrTiO3/DHB 50 nm TEM The synthesized SrTiO3 is a cubic phase crystal (JCPDS no. 01-079-0176) with sheet-like morphology having size around 50 nm, as confirmed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image (Fig. 1).
    8202 1151 Fe-CoO NCs the CoO NPs consist of a loose core of 400–500 nm and a graphene-like shell of about 100 nm 205.4
    8204 1157 MOF-199 110 nm TEM the average diameter was approximately 110 nm with a narrow size distribution and highly crystalline morphology. 1674.3
    8206 1159 CeO2@C
    8210 1165 CuNFs 400-500 nm SEM The SEM image in Fig. 1h shows the flower-like structures of CuNFs with an average size of 400–500 nm, having hierarchical structures with high surface-to-volume ratios.
    8211 1166 Pt–Ir NCs 46.2 2.1 nm TEM The Pt–Ir NCs were well prepared, with an average diameter of 46.2 ± 2.1 nm as calculated from the maximum edge length of 200 Pt–Ir NCs.
    8212 1166 Pt–Ir NCs 46.2 2.1 nm SEM The Pt–Ir NCs were well prepared, with an average diameter of 46.2 ± 2.1 nm as calculated from the maximum edge length of 200 Pt–Ir NCs.
    8213 1167 Cu2O NPs 195 45 nm TEM The particle size distribution from the TEM analysis is given in Fig. S1a. It shows that the particles exhibited a distribution with the diameter varying from 150 to 240 nm and mainly concentrated on 200 nm. Meanwhile, the NPs prepared using the precursor in a molar ratio of CuCl2 : MgCl2 = 5 : 1, Cu2O-(5 : 1-Mg) NPs, show a BET surface area of 21.32 m2 g−1 and an average pore diameter of 12.01 nm. These results clearly indicate that introduction of Mg2+ ions into the Cu-precursor has an influence on the porous structure evolution of Cu2O NPs. 22.16 The BET surface area and the average pore size of Cu2O-(sole CuCl2) are calculated to be 13.03 m2 g−1 and 7.29 nm. Meanwhile, the NPs prepared using the precursor in a molar ratio of CuCl2 : MgCl2 = 5 : 1, Cu2O-(5 : 1-Mg) NPs, show a BET surface area of 21.32 m2 g−1 and an average pore diameter of 12.01 nm. These results clearly indicate that introduction of Mg2+ ions into the Cu-precursor has an influence on the porous structure evolution of Cu2O NPs.
    8215 1169 GK-Pd NPs 8.4 3.6 nm TEM TEM analysis suggested that the synthesized nanoparticles were spherical, poly-dispersed and of 8.4 ± 3.6 nm in size
    8230 1191 PdCo@MSNs 225 25 nm TEM As shown in the TEM images, MSNs have an average particle diameter of 200–250 nm 240.8
    8231 1193 rGO/CMCNs 487.5 287.5 nm SEM The width of the CMCNs was obtained to be between 100 and 190 nm whereas the length was 200–775 nm (Fig. S2†). The plates' thickness was obtained to be between 100- and 115 nm, with an average length of ∼700 nm and width of ∼375 nm, respectively. 4.133
    8240 1209 Cu/CeS
    8241 1210 Cr/CeO2 8~12 nm TEM the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images of Cr/CeO2 nanozyme in Figure S1 and 1G reveal that the size of nanozyme is about 8~12 nm, and interplanar spacing of the (111) plane of CeO2 is slightly reduced from 0.3123 Å to ~0.3047 Å after Cr doping.
    8242 1214 Cu2+-HCNSs-COOH 100 nm TEM TEM image of hollow polymer nanospheres with a particle size of about 100 nm, an edge width of about 20 nm, and hollow gap diameter of about 60 nm.
    8244 1217 Fe@BC-600 TEM Fig. 1c shows that the Fe nanoparticles are covered by over ten layers of B-doped carbon shells. The interplanar spacings of 0.2 and 0.34 nm belong to the (110) plane of Fe (Fig. 1d) and the (002) plane of graphite carbon (Fig. 1e), respectively.16
    8248 1223 CoFe2O4
    8249 1224 CuCo2O4 microspheres TEM Furthermore, as displayed in Fig. 2b and c, CuCo2O4 microspheres are composed of peasecod-like strips with ca. 100 nm assembled by lots of nanoparticles with ca. 10 nm (Fig. 2d and e); the rough surface with more exposed active sites31 is more conducive to adsorbing more hydrogen peroxide molecules and enhancing catalytic performance during the catalytic reaction in the subsequent experiment. The HRTEM image (the inset of Fig. 2e) reveals that the lattice spacing is 0.24 nm, consistent with the value for the (311) plane of the cubic CuCo2O4 phase.
    8256 1235 Fe-N-C single atom
    8259 1240 Cu-CDs 5 nm TEM
    8261 1242 MoS2@Au 100 nm TEM Fig. 1A showed the original monolayer MoS2 characterized by TEM with a diameter of about 100 nm. A large amount of uniform AuNPs with diameters of 10−20 nm were observed and distributed over the surface of monolayer MoS2 (Fig. 1B),
    8262 1243 carbon polymer hollow spheres (CPHSs) 100-150 nm TEM The TEM image of a single nanosphere containing one nanoparticle is shown in Fig. 3c, indicating that the size of hollow nanosphere and the nanoparticle are about 100–150 nm and 10–20 nm, respectively.
    8265 1248 Fe3O4@PDA@Pd/Pt 177.2 nm DLS The size distribution of Fe3O4@PDA@Pd/Pt is shown in Figure S4. The hydration size (Figure 1c) of Fe3O4@PDA@Pd/Pt was 177.2 nm (PDI = 0.033), which was approximate to the average diameter of 143.4 nm (Figure 1bVII) and was the ideal size of an ICA probe.
    8266 1249 Fe3O4 200 nm TEM Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that the asprepared Fe3O4 nanozymes with PEG modification have a rough surface with a diameter size of 200 nm (Figure S1).
    8275 1260 MTex-700 56.464
    8272 1260 β-FeOOH spheroidal nanorods 100 10 nm TEM length(First, we synthesized a composite (designated as TA-GO-FeOOH) consisting of β-FeOOH spheroidal nanorods (average length = 100 ± 10 nm and width = 20 ± 2 nm) in an envelope of graphene oxide (GO) and poly-tannic acid (poly-TA) (ca. 2 nm) via a TA-assisted in-situ crystallization strategy)
    8273 1260 β-FeOOH spheroidal nanorods 20 2 nm TEM Width
    8274 1260 MTex-500 First, we synthesized a composite (designated as TA-GO-FeOOH) consisting of β-FeOOH spheroidal nanorods (average length = 100 ± 10 nm and width = 20 ± 2 nm) in an envelope of graphene oxide (GO) and poly-tannic acid (poly-TA) (ca. 2 nm) via a TA-assisted in-situ crystallization strategy 158.347
    8276 1261 GOx@Fe-ZIF-8 91-633 SEM The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images (Figure S3A) showed that when the ratio was between 1:0.25 and 1:2, the Fe-ZIF-8 nanoparticles all grew into a typical ZIF-8-like rhombohedron dodecahedron morphology with the average particle size from 91 to 633 nm (Figure S3B)
    8278 1263 USPBNPs 3.4 nm TEM Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image (Figure 1a) shows that when the ethanol concentration was 75% in volume, USPBNPs with sizes of about 3.4 nm were obtained (Figure 1b) 466 U/mg
    8279 1264 Mn3O4 700-800 nm SEM Figure 1A and B showed the average diameter of the urchin-like Mn3O4 particles which was about 700-800 nm. 198.76
    8282 1268 H2TCPP/ZnS/CoS TEM, SEM Figure S2 shows one ZnS/CoS nanosphere with a size of 300−500 nm that has a rough surface and is composed of many small nanoparticles
    8287 1277 Cu2+/PPy NTs 30-70 nm TEM Under a hydrothermal reaction, PPy NTs with a thickness ranging from 30 to 70 nm have been achieved (Fig. 1a and 1b).
    8291 1281 CD N1/Au 10 nm TEM
    8290 1281 CD N/Au 8 nm TEM TEMs of CD N and CD N1Au show in Fig. 3C and D, with an average size of 8 and 10 nm respectively.
    8293 1282 Pd NSs 10 nm TEM lateral dimensions
    8292 1282 Pd NSs 1.1 nm TEM average thickness
    8294 1283 Ag NFs TEM With the increase of pH, the morphology of Ag NPs evolved from spherical-like to flower-like gradually (Fig. 1b-g), and average sizes and polydispersities of the resulting Ag NPs in the reaction solutions with pH 11.0, 11.2, 11.4, 11.6, 11.8 and 12.0 were determined to be 104 nm (± 4.0%), 109 nm (± 7.0%), 104 nm (± 5.8%), 104 nm (± 4.1%), 110 nm (± 5.0%) and 119 nm (± 4.1%), respectively.
    8295 1284 CQDs 3.1 nm TEM As can be observed, the CQDs are almost monodispersed spheres (Fig. 1A) with a uniform size distribution between 1.63 and 4.26 nm and an average diameter of 3.01 nm (Fig. 1B) based on measurements of 100 particles.
    8298 1287 GNE-based Au NPs 27.5 nm TEM Average
    8299 1289 GOx@CuBDC 221 nm SEM Average
    8300 1292 0.10CeO2/CoO NCs 600-700 nm SEM Average
    8301 1295 RSPCO 240 nm TEM Average length
    8304 1297 Rh NPs 40.9 18.2 nm TEM hydrodynamic diameters
    8312 1303 Au@Pt NRs 60 nm TEM
    8313 1304 Ag2S@Fe2C-DSPE-PEG-iRGD 10 nm TEM
    8314 1305 MoS2 100 nm TEM
    8316 1306 PN-CeO2 60 nm TEM Length
    8317 1306 PN-CeO2 8 nm TEM diameter
    8315 1306 PN-CeO2-PSS 12 nm TEM diameter
    8319 1310 MnO2 nanosheets 6 nm AFM thickness of approximate
    8324 1314 Pt NPs 20 nm TEM
    8327 1316 Fe3 O4 NPs 20-30 nm SEM When scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed to observe the shape and size of synthesized magnetite nanoparticles, they were found to be spherical and in between 20 and 30 nm in diameter
    8328 1317 Pd TEM
    8331 1324 PBBA 45 nm SEM
    8332 1325 GOQD 1 0.3 nm TEM thickness
    8333 1325 GOQD 2.8 0.7 nm TEM average lateral size
    8334 1326 SBA-AmPA/Au 600-700 nm SEM
    8335 1327 LaFeO3 4.4 0.3 μm SEM
    8336 1328 Fe-MIL-88NH2 nanozyme 1~2 μm SEM length
    8337 1328 Fe-MIL-88NH2 nanozyme 0.1~3 μm SEM width
    8340 1330 CWNSs 500 nm SEM In size 67.06
    8339 1330 CWNSs 50 nm SEM Thickness 67.06
    8343 1336 Eu-pydc 1~2 μm SEM the MOF shows regular particles with a size of about 1–2 μm which depended on the regulation of the new method
    8345 1340 Mt. 1.27 nm XRD The sharp peak at 2θ =5.7° in Fig. 1a was attributed to the characteristic peak of Mt., corresponding to the plane (001) with the d001 value to be 1.27 nm.
    8347 1342 AgNPs@GQDs 14-24 nm TEM In comparison, AgNPs without the assembly of GQDs show the morphology with a little aggregation (Fig. S1 in Supporting information), which are smaller than that of AgNPs@GQDs (14−24 nm). Upon treating with H2O2, the characteristic nanoparticles of AgNPs@GQDs disappear, and the monodisperse nanodots with the average diameter of 6.7 nm are observed in TEM image 25.3479
    8346 1342 GQDs 6.4 nm TEM Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of GQDs demonstrate a good monodispersity with the average diameter of 6.4 nm in lateral size (Fig. 1B).
    8351 1346 Cu-MOF 90 10 nm SEM Uniform octahedral crystalline structures with average particle sizes about 80–100 nm were observed according to the SEM and TEM images.
    8350 1346 Cu-MOF 90 10 nm TEM Uniform octahedral crystalline structures with average particle sizes about 80–100 nm were observed according to the SEM and TEM images.
    8357 1350 MoOx QDs 1.98 nm TEM MoOx QDs with a diameter of 1.98 nm was synthesized by using commercial MoS2 powder as the precursor via a one-pot method according to our previous work (Figure 2A)
    8362 1356 PB@Ti3C2Tx 20 nm TEM PB nanoparticles can be uniformly distributed on the surface and the gap between the Ti3C2Tx nanolayers (Figure 1c). The diameter of PB nanoparticles is approximately 20 nm from TEM analysis
    8364 1358 Fe2.5Ti0.5O4 20-30 nm TEM 117.2
    8366 1359 MIONzyme colloid 33.3 3.9 nm DLS hydrodynamic diameter μmol/min U/mg
    8365 1359 Iron oxide core 6.9 ± 1.7 nm TEM an average diameter of the iron oxide core
    8369 1362 MSF nanostructures 50 nm SEM average
    8370 1363 FePPOPEPA TEM 没写 460.1
    8371 1364 PPy@CoO/NiO NTs 44.4 nm TEM thin wall thickness 59.9
    8372 1365 Fe3O4@C/Ni 170-300 nm TEM The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image in Figure 1B showed a highly uniform 1D smooth tubular morphology, which was 170–300 nm in diameter with a length of several micrometers. 77.1
    8379 1369 fNP B 4.74 -4 μmol/min 3 -2 U/mg
    8380 1369 fNP C 4.19 -4 μmol/min 2 -2 U/mg
    8378 1369 fNP A 5.47 -4 μmol/min 3 -2 U/mg
    8382 1371 RF Resin 450 nm TEM The average particle size of RF from TEM was found to be ∼450 nm.
    8387 1374 IONPs 12 nm TEM IONPs with diameters of ~12 nm were prepared by a coprecipitation method and were innovatively investigated as the sole catalyst for hydrogel nanoparticle preparation instead of the natural enzyme HRP.
    8396 1380 GI-Au NZ 25 nm TEM
    8398 1386 PDI/CeO2 NR nm TEM It can be observed that the morphology and size of PDI/CeO2 NR are similar to that of CeO2 NR with a less-uniform length within 30−250 nm and uniform diameter in 6.62−13.23 nm.
    8399 1388 nano-PrO1.8 100-550 nm DLS The results show that the particle size of the material is approximately normal distribution, the particle size of the material is between 100 and 550 nm, and the range of particle size distribution at 292.7 nm is the largest.
    8400 1389 Fe3O4@Cu/C 112.1
    8401 1389 Fe3O4@CuO 45.8
    8402 1390 PbWO4 30-40 nm SEM The average diameter of one-dimensional lamellar nanostructures was in the range of 30 to 40 nm. 86.225
    8407 1397 citrate-Os NPs 1.7 nm TEM The average diameter of the citrate-Os NPs obtained from the TEM images was 1.7 nm adjusted by Gaussian tting 393 U/mg
    8412 1402 Hb–Cu3(PO4)2 NFs 15 μm SEM mean
    8414 1403 AuNP cores 13 nm TEM
    8413 1403 Au@FeP 56 nm TEM mean
    8415 1405 NF 200-250 nm SEM average diameter
    8416 1406 P(VCL-co-NMAM) nanohydrogels 983 nm TEM Average
    8417 1407 Fe3O4@C7 MNPs 10.05 nm TEM average diameter
    8418 1408 Cu-MOF(3) 220 nm DLS hydrodynamic diameter
    8421 1411 CeGONRs 44626 nm TEM By measuring 174 particles, the diameter was determined to range from 3 to 6 nm. 267
    8424 1417 Au@SiO2@Fe3O4@SiO2 microspheres 5.3 μm Median pore size is 23.4 nm
    8426 1418 SiO2 shell 25 nm TEM Thickness
    8427 1418 Polymer shell 8.5 nm DLS Thickness
    8425 1418 Fe3O4 NPs 200 nm TEM average diameter
    8431 1424 Au@Pt NPs 35 nm TEM According to our protocols, 18 nm AuNPs, 6 nm PtNPs and 35 nm Au@Pt NPs were successfully decorated on the MoS2 surface, forming the expected MoS2-AuNPs (Fig. S1A, ESI†), MoS2-PtNPs (Fig. S1B, ESI†) and MoS2-Au@Pt nanocomposites (Fig. S1C, ESI†), respectively
    8432 1427 Cu-CuFe2O4 480 nm TEM For these nanosheets, the length is about 480 nm and the width is in the range of 28–55 nm, as shown in the inset.
    8433 1428 WBLCS 500 nm SEM the product has a spherical structure with a diameter of about 500 nm
    8436 1430 Pt 1 nm TEM The thickness of the Pt layer
    8435 1430 Pd-Pt 42.3 nm TEM The Average edge length
    8438 1433 CuS 15 nm TEM The average
    8439 1434 Au-CDs 4.3 0.4 nm TEM GNP@CDs were evenly dispersed with a uniform size and the diameter was about 4.3 ± 0.4 nm.
    8441 1436 Ag@PANI 50 nm SEM The average
    8442 1439 GOx & AuNCs@ZIF-8) 1 μm SEM The average
    8443 1440 Fe3O4 mesocrystals 350 nm TEM The average 30.5
    8445 1441 rod-shaped CeO2 10 nm TEM Diameter 46 μmol/min U/mg
    8446 1441 rod-shaped CeO2 200 nm TEM Length 95 μmol/min U/mg
    8444 1441 CeO2 octahedron 15-20 nm TEM Fig. 1a shows the CeO2 octahedron with a narrow size distribution between 15 and 20 nm
    8447 1441 CeO2 cubes 20-50 nm TEM lateral length 29 μmol/min U/mg
    8448 1443 hPBNCs 80 nm TEM the cube-like hPBNCs were monodisperse with an average diameter of 80 nm
    8454 1455 IrOx TEM The as-prepared nanoparticles show a spherical morphology with diameter of ~24.05±0.29 nm (Figure 1b). They were composed by the accumulation of many small granules (2.28±0.4 nm) formed at the initial heating period (Figure S2).
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