| 7365 |
48 |
Fe-NC nanozymes |
∼1.8 |
|
nm |
AFM |
AFM measurement demonstrates that the thickness of ultrathin nanosheets is ∼1.8 nm |
|
|
|
|
25 |
|
U/mg |
|
| 7368 |
54 |
Fe3C/N–C |
4–5 |
|
nm |
TEM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7386 |
82 |
PNCNzyme |
100 |
10 |
nm |
TEM |
uniform size of approximately 100 ± 10 nm in diameterwith hollow and porous structure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7391 |
90 |
nitrogen doped graphene (NG) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7392 |
90 |
nitrogen and sulfur codoped graphene (NSG) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7393 |
90 |
graphene oxide (GO) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7425 |
128 |
BNS-CDs |
2.2 |
|
nm |
TEM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7434 |
142 |
CDs |
5-10 |
|
nm |
TEM |
The representative transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed that both l-CDs and d-CDs had a size distribution of 5–10 nm and clear crystalline cores (Figure S1 in the Supporting Information). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7458 |
166 |
CB-CQDs |
1.5-3.6 |
|
nm |
TEM |
They exhibit a size range of 1.5–3.6 nm with an average diameter of about 2.4 nm, fitting well to the Gaussian function |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7490 |
205 |
rosette-GCN |
2.53 |
0.78 |
μm |
SEM |
The size of rosette-GCN was estimated to be 2.53 ± 0.78 μM through 20 times measurements in its SEM images. |
77.800 ± 0.669 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7498 |
216 |
GO |
|
|
|
TEM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7575 |
337 |
N-QG |
80 |
|
nm |
SEM |
size |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7576 |
337 |
N-QG |
6 |
|
nm |
TEM |
thickness |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7584 |
344 |
Fe/N-HCN |
230 |
20 |
nm |
TEM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7603 |
363 |
SNC |
16-20 |
|
nm |
TEM |
Typical TEM images of the as-prepared SNC nanozymes are shown in Figure 1b, c, where spherical pores with a mean diameter of 16–20 nm formed by the silica nanosphere filler are clearly shown. |
524.1 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
U/mg |
|
| 7602 |
363 |
SNC |
16-20 |
|
nm |
TEM |
Typical TEM images of the as-prepared SNC nanozymes are shown in Figure 1b, c, where spherical pores with a mean diameter of 16–20 nm formed by the silica nanosphere filler are clearly shown. |
524.1 |
|
|
|
17.5 |
|
U/mg |
|
| 7604 |
364 |
Fe, N-CDs |
4–6 |
|
nm |
TEM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7613 |
377 |
A-PCM |
3.5–7 |
|
μm |
SEM |
Both PCM and A-PCM are composed of spherical particles with 2–4 μm in size, and the particle sizes of NF-PCM and NF-A-PCM increase to 3.5–7 μm owing to the absence of F127. |
1469.71 m2/g |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7705 |
474 |
Ce/Pr-CQDs |
2.8 |
|
nm |
TEM |
The distribution curve of the particle size showed (figure 1(c)) that the average size of the Ce/Pr-CQDs was about 2.8 nm, which was in accordance with the normal distribution. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7735 |
506 |
Fe–N4 pero-nanozysome |
120 |
|
nm |
TEM |
the pero-nanozysome had a spherical morphology with hollow structure, and the average diameter was about 120 nm with a shell about 4–6nm thickness |
|
|
|
|
41.7 ± 7.9 |
|
U/mg |
CAT |
| 7736 |
506 |
Fe–N4 pero-nanozysome |
120 |
|
nm |
TEM |
the pero-nanozysome had a spherical morphology with hollow structure, and the average diameter was about 120 nm with a shell about 4–6nm thickness |
|
|
|
|
|
|
U/mg |
|
| 7737 |
506 |
Fe–N4 pero-nanozysome |
120 |
|
nm |
TEM |
the pero-nanozysome had a spherical morphology with hollow structure, and the average diameter was about 120 nm with a shell about 4–6nm thickness |
|
|
|
|
1257.1 ±122.8 |
|
U/mg |
SOD |
| 7738 |
506 |
Fe–N4 pero-nanozysome |
120 |
|
nm |
TEM |
the pero-nanozysome had a spherical morphology with hollow structure, and the average diameter was about 120 nm with a shell about 4–6nm thickness |
|
|
|
|
6.0 ±0.9 |
|
U/mg |
POD |
| 7739 |
506 |
Fe–N4 pero-nanozysome |
120 |
|
nm |
TEM |
the pero-nanozysome had a spherical morphology with hollow structure, and the average diameter was about 120 nm with a shell about 4–6nm thickness |
|
|
|
|
0.027 ±0.002 |
|
U/mg |
UOD |
| 7774 |
545 |
NSP-CQDs |
2-6 |
|
nm |
TEM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7799 |
571 |
N/Cl-CDs |
4.1 |
1.09 |
nm |
TEM |
The TEM image exhibits that N/Cl-CDs were distinctive round shape along with uniform size. Most of the particles are in the size range of 3–4 nm with an average diameter of 4.1±1.09 nm (Fig. S1 (A) inset). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7809 |
581 |
Fe–N–C |
|
|
|
|
Fig. 1C shows a typical transmission electron micrograph image of the synthesized Fe–N–C with a few Fe nanoparticles being inserted in the CN nanotubes. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7879 |
662 |
g-C3N4 |
|
|
nm |
SEM |
The SEM images in Fig. 4 show the morphological and structural differences between PCN and CCN. PCN exhibited a fluffy-like structure with a small and irregular dense-texture as compared to CCN texture. These fluffy nanosheets were connected in such a way that they have left a small hollow space between them. In comparison, CCN exhibited a uniform surface texture, and g-C3N4 crystalline sheets were looked like large-sized aggregates. |
89.9，11.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
A summary of the comparison of the specific surface area (SBET), total pore volume, and pore width of PCN and CCN are listed in Table 2. PCN exhibited greater SBET (89.9 m2/g) than that of CCN (11.8 m2/g). This enlarged surface area can be attributed to porous, thin, and curled nanosheets in fluffy PCN as compared to crystallized, planar, and large layered nanosheets of CCN. |
| 7880 |
663 |
S-rGO |
|
|
|
SEM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7882 |
665 |
GO-UO22+ NPs |
|
|
|
TEM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7886 |
669 |
GNR |
32 |
|
nm |
TEM |
Also, Fig. S1 shows another TEM image of GNR which can also demonstrate the yield of MWCNT unzipping and GNR production. The FESEM images of MWCNT and GNR are shown in Fig. 2c and d, respectively. According to Fig. 2c, the average size of the synthesized GNR was found to be about 32 nm. |
410 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7892 |
675 |
AIronNPs |
15 |
5 |
nm |
TEM |
The diameter of the AIronNPs was ~15 ± 5 nm. High resolution TEM images (Fig. 1b) of the AIronNPs showed the absence of lattice fringes, indicating their non-crystalline or amorphous nature clearly. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7895 |
678 |
g-C3N4 |
200 |
|
nm |
TEM |
TEM (Fig. S2A) and DLS (Fig. S2E) indicate that g-C3N4 nanosheets are nanoflakes with an average size of 200 nm. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7931 |
720 |
GO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7940 |
731 |
CD |
|
|
|
|
As shown in Fig. 1B, the kinetic diameter of the CD is about 1.83 nm, less than the value of 5.5 nm for renal clearance cutoff. Moreover, the TEM image shows that the CD possesses an ultrasmall size with an average diameter of 1.38 ± 0.22 nm (Fig. S2, ESI†). AFM analysis exhibits that the average height of the CD is about 1.34 ± 0.24 nm (Fig. S3, ESI†) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7945 |
736 |
CQDs |
3.1 |
|
nm |
TEM |
The statistical result displays that most of the CQDs' diameter are in the range of 2.1–4.5 nm with the average diameter of 3.1 nm (Fig. 1A, inset), demonstrating an excellent uniform particle size distribution. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8010 |
800 |
CDs |
|
|
nm |
TEM |
As shown in Figure 1, CDs appear as uniform and monodispersed spherical particles with mean diameters of 16.94, 1.53, and 2.03 nm, for CDs-100, CDs-150, and CDs-180, respectively. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8067 |
872 |
OAC |
13 |
5 |
nm |
TEM |
HR-TEM images of the OACs showed disc-like particles with a diameter ranging from 5 to 30 nm with an average of 13 ± 5 nm. Of this range, 10% of the particles are >18 nm in diameter, while 12% of the particles are <8 nm in diameter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8068 |
873 |
H-GNs |
|
|
|
XPS |
The XPS of the synthesized material further illustrated the construction of MIP composites. Fe2p signals (1.59%) and N1s peak at 398.1 eV of H-GNs/paper were observed, indicating the presence of hemin. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8082 |
887 |
PEI-600-Fe C-dots |
7-12 |
|
nm |
TEM |
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicated that the synthesized PEI-600-Fe C-dots were uniformly distributed, and granular diameters were approximately 7−12 nm (Figure 1a,b). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8105 |
913 |
Cu-HCSs |
120 |
|
nm |
SEM |
Cu-HCSs were prepared according to our previous work, and exhibited a bulk morphological diameter of ∼120 nm with a hollow structure (Fig. S1†) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8123 |
1060 |
LSG |
30-40 |
|
μm |
SEM |
The cross-sectional SEM image (Fig. 1C) displays a topographic height of approximately 30–40 μm, confirming that LSG was a porous structure and there are some cavities inside, suggesting that these porous structures of LSG greatly increased accessible surface areas and contributed to electrolyte penetration into the active materials. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8186 |
1126 |
g-CNQDs |
2.39 ± 0.05 |
|
nm |
TEM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8208 |
1162 |
(Fe,Co) codoped-CDs |
1.95 |
|
nm |
TEM |
the morphology of (Fe,Co) codoped-CDs is observed to be spherical with an average diameter of 1.95 nm |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8242 |
1214 |
Cu2+-HCNSs-COOH |
100 |
|
nm |
TEM |
TEM image of hollow polymer nanospheres with a
particle size of about 100 nm, an edge width of about
20 nm, and hollow gap diameter of about 60 nm. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8243 |
1216 |
g-C3N4 + Fe(III)+ Cu(II) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8262 |
1243 |
carbon polymer hollow spheres (CPHSs) |
100-150 |
|
nm |
TEM |
The TEM image of a single nanosphere containing one nanoparticle is shown in Fig. 3c, indicating that the size of hollow nanosphere and the nanoparticle are about 100–150 nm and 10–20 nm, respectively. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8295 |
1284 |
CQDs |
3.1 |
|
nm |
TEM |
As can be observed, the CQDs are almost monodispersed spheres (Fig. 1A) with a uniform size distribution between 1.63 and 4.26 nm and an average diameter of 3.01 nm (Fig. 1B) based on measurements of 100 particles. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8332 |
1325 |
GOQD |
1 |
0.3 |
nm |
TEM |
thickness |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8333 |
1325 |
GOQD |
2.8 |
0.7 |
nm |
TEM |
average lateral size |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8367 |
1360 |
nC60 |
275.8 ± 0.9 |
|
nm |
DLS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8378 |
1369 |
fNP A |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.47 |
-4 |
μmol/min |
3 |
-2 |
U/mg |
|
| 8379 |
1369 |
fNP B |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.74 |
-4 |
μmol/min |
3 |
-2 |
U/mg |
|
| 8380 |
1369 |
fNP C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.19 |
-4 |
μmol/min |
2 |
-2 |
U/mg |
|
| 8388 |
1376 |
C60 |
110 |
5 |
nm |
Others |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8389 |
1376 |
C60 |
110 |
3 |
nm |
Others |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8390 |
1376 |
C70 |
113 |
2 |
nm |
Others |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8391 |
1376 |
C70 |
111 |
3 |
nm |
Others |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8392 |
1376 |
Gd@C82 |
95 |
5 |
nm |
Others |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8393 |
1376 |
Gd@C82 |
90 |
2 |
nm |
Others |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 8408 |
1399 |
CeCDs |
2.7 |
|
nm |
TEM |
The size distribution ranges from 1.9 nm to 3.5 nm with an average size of around 2.7 nm (100 nanoparticles were counted), which is larger than that of the Cefree bare CDs (an average diameter 2.3 nm). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|